Sunday, April 30, 2006

a small lesson about checking your email

If someone emails to ask if you want to take part in a discussion on a national (nae global) radio station, then you're probably going to want to check your email before the event rather than two days later when you've completely missed the opportunity.

Doh. Feeling quite stupid.

voter registration and "compulsory checks"

If you'll pardon a small tin-foil hat moment, this sounds exactly the moment at which I'd announce how a national ID card will make elections more secure:

The local elections this week are "wide open" to fraud because the Government has failed to close loopholes, senior election officials and opposition MPs said yesterday.

But, as police continued their investigations into alleged vote-rigging in London and Birmingham, the Government rejected widespread calls for ID checks on all voters. [...]

But yesterday the Government rejected the calls to make all voters provide proof of identity to get their ballot papers.

Bridget Prentice, the Electoral Administration Minister, said compulsory checks could deter people from registering to vote and reduce election turn-outs.


Or maybe not. Oops. So, reason 1472 that ID cards are bad is that 'compulsory checks could deter people from registering to vote.' Thanks, Bridget.

The other interpretation of this story would be that insisting on traditional simple forms of identification - just a signature and date of birth, according to the Telegraph - would demonstrate how grossly overpowered and unnecessary the national identity database will be for most of the transactions it is supposed to 'secure,' particularly when we're still dependent on original old-skool documents to prove our identities when we enter the database in the first instance.

Or it could just be common or garden (tin-foil hatless) incompetence. With this government, it's hard to decide.

equal pay is a success story

I'm still at a loss as to why this isn't a bigger story:

TOWN halls and National Health Service trusts face having to pay out more than £1 billion as tens of thousands of women workers embark on equal pay claims.

Nearly 20,000 health workers could be eligible for payments averaging £60,000 each, according to specialists in employment law. [...] The women want the same pay as male workers who are on a similar pay scale.

They will capitalise on a landmark £60m payout made by an NHS trust last year and the fact that 11 councils in northeast England have already agreed settlements worth £100m with some 30,000 women employees, who include cleaners, clerical staff, care assistants and catering workers.


The problem is that even pro-feminist or happily liberal media outlets are unwilling to call it an tou and out success because of the mounting NHS deficit. It's a lovely piece of media angst, as though unequal pay is only an issue we have to worry about when the HNS has cash to spare - which kinda sorta undermines the commitment to a) the principle of equal pay for equal work and b) the way that principle is kinda sorta enshrined in law.

Rather than a source of pride that we make good on such commitments, these equal pay claims seem to have become a source of liberal embarassment - which for me at least seems cowardly and mildly craven. What should be more embarassing is that we're in a situation where we've admitted underpaying women but still insist on protracted court-cases to force someone to pay up what's owed.

more on human traffic in the UK

Once again, I find myself despising the people whose disregard for women make human trafficking profitable:

THREE women bought as sex slaves for £7,000 each and held captive by Scottish brothel owners have been freed following a major investigation into people trafficking, The Scotsman can reveal. [...] Assistant Chief Constable Bill Skelly, who co-ordinated the operation, told how the Scottish brothel owners bought the three young women for about £7,000 each, raped and beat them, and threatened their families would be harmed if they tried to escape.

Following the investigation, which saw 16 saunas, massage parlours and private flats raided in Dundee, Glasgow and Perth and 11 people arrested, he said he believes hundreds more women in Scotland are being kept in similarly horrendous circumstances.


When can we start treating the men who use the services of these women as parties to a crime? The defence of ignorance is only one that holds any water if you assume that there are different rules of consent for sex-workers than for other women. As I've said before, if a person doesn't care enough to check whether the prostitute they buy time with is even a minimally willing party, then I don't care enough to find out if they've made a horrible "innocent" mistake.

Friday, April 28, 2006

gasping

As DK reforms the NHS, I'll take the bait and note that the mere (albeit expensive) existence of Medicaid in the US doesn't tell the whole story - what's more interesting is the gap between those who qualify for Medicaid and those who can't afford health insurance. Some interesting research:

Medicaid eligibility for low-wage working parents is very limited. Few states provide Medicaid coverage to single parents with incomes above 100 percent of the federal poverty level.

Half of the states only cover working parents with incomes below 59 percent of poverty and, in nine states, working parents are ineligible for Medicaid if their incomes are above 37 percent of poverty (Guyer and Mann, 1999).

Even fewer states offer Medicaid to parents in two-parent families or to single adults, leaving 50 percent of poor adults in two-parent families and 46 percent of single adults without children uninsured (Kaiser, 1999).

power and the (male) pill

Angela Phillips' piece on the male pill is a little confusing:

While we are transfixed by the idea that men might at last be able to share the loss of libido, weight gain, and general grumpiness which so often accompany pill taking for women we are in danger of losing track of the bigger issue: control of conception.

The pill gives women control of the fertility tap. She decides when to turn it off but just as important she decides (after discussion we hope) when to turn it back on.


The pill is a good thing, granted. The male pill, however, is not intended to replace the pill for women; it is an alternative or perhaps even a counterpart to that form of contraception.

What will happen when it is the man who controls the tap? Of course lots of mature couples will maturely make a decision to stop taking the pill when the house has been bought and the job is secure.

But what about the people who are never quite sure that the time is right? What will happen to their babies? Will the male partner feel able to risk making a 'mistake' when it is his partner who will carry the burden of the pregnancy?


Phillips seems to miss the point that the male pill will introduce another way for couples to share responsibility for reproduction. If a man truly does not want to have a child there are a variety of measures he can take to 'stop his tap,' an image which I'm sure is going to linger. This method appears to be more convenient and possibly more easily reversible, but procedures to limit male fertility are certainly not without precedent.

The ability of women to control whether they become fertilised or not has never been matched by the right to demand instant impregnation: to think otherwise is to completely misunderstand the kind of control offered by the pill, which is the greater freedom to have sex and not run the risk of getting pregnant. To be blunt, the pill is a form of contraception.

Yet for Philips the rightness of female control over their reproductive abilities is matched by a seeming wrongness of male control - something she manages by appealing to a seemingly universal maternal instinct:

For me (and I suspect most women of my acquaintance) wanting a baby is about holding a warm sweet weight in your arms, about the feeling that seems to run through your bones and end up twitching the corner of your mouth into a smile.

It is something akin to, but quite different from, desire. I don't pretend to know how men feel about babies (I am sure you will tell me though).


I'm more than a little uneasy with the casual dismissal of any paternal desires - or of the absolutely fanatical devotion that fathers can show to their children; there's no reason why the male desire to have children should not also be illogical, a 'wanting' that is not easily planned.

This almost sounds like another piece of essentialism about masculinity - real men don't actually want to have children. Is the desire to have children different for men and women? Most probably - but that doesn't mean we can disregard that male desire as unknowable.

Phillips also manages to completely forget one important thing. Can you guess what it is?

And on a lighter note [because unplanned pregnancy is hi-larious] if a couple do decide to stop taking the pill and try for a baby will they make the sort of mistakes that women so often make? I have lost count of the number of students who get pregnant in their final year. They obviously meant to have a baby after finishing their course but they mistimed it.

It was their mistake, they take the rap and somehow manage to struggle through the last part of their degree. How are they going to feel when it is their partner who mistimed it? Will they forgive him as they try to juggle finals with a baby on their laps?


It's abortion, which remains a legitimate option if you become pregnant and don't want to have children. What Phillips actually describes here is how our existing model of reproductive responsibility mainly acts to divide up blame.

If we make contraception about localising power with one person, then we're setting ourselves up to repeat traditional narratives of responsibility and blame. The male pill is a good idea: the problem is that it doesn't fit easily with our existing attitudes towards reproduction.

friday education link-dump

A bit of a link-dump to join up some dots. First, the small slump in applications:

School leavers and mature students are shunning English universities, according to official figures that reveal fewer students have applied to university compared to last year. [...] The number of UK applications from people under 21 has dropped by 3.4%, from 317,480 to 306,739. Applications from mature students in the UK were also down. The number of applicants aged between 21 and 24 has fallen by 2.1%, while applications from those aged 25 and over are down by 4.6%.


So where are these prospective students going?

ENGLISH youngsters are continuing to apply to Scottish universities in increasing numbers, figures confirmed today. And the number of Scots applying to Scottish universities is continuing to fall.

Figures issued today by university admissions service UCAS confirmed the trend which had previously been noticed in preliminary figures released in February. They showed fewer English students seeking university places south of the border and more seeking places in Scotland.

An UCAS spokesman agreed the figures could suggest English "fee refugees" were looking to Scottish universities, where top-up tuition fees do not apply.


Isn't the fee refugee idea a bit over-blown?

More than a third of final-year students at the top English universities say they would never have started their courses if they had been forced to pay the new "top-up" tuition fees of up to £3,000 a year being introduced in just a few months time, according to a new survey today. [...]

Although the research finds that the majority of today's undergraduates believe their degree will help them get a good job after university, 38% of finalists from "the class of 2006" reveal they would not have come to university if they had had to pay the £3,000 annual tuition fees, which are being introduced in English universities this autumn. A higher proportion of students who attended state schools - 41% - say they would have been deterred by the new fees. [...]

Among other findings, nearly half of students proposing to take a postgraduate qualification did so because they believed that a first degree was insufficient on its own to land a good job after university.


Meanwhile, the debate over 'employable degrees' continues:

The latest figures on UK university applications show a fall in the number of people wanting to study subjects such as classics, history and music.

Big rises were seen in the numbers opting for nursing, social work, pharmacology and maths. [...] Subjects which show a fall in applications include history (44,267 applications, -7.8%), music (19,367 applications, -11%), and English studies (51,660 applications, - 4.5%). [...] Minister Bill Rammell said: "What you might describe as subjects which students see as being really non-vocational, like fine art, philosophy, classical studies, have seen big reductions.

"An initial reading of figures suggests to me that there is some evidence that students are choosing subjects they think are more vocationally beneficial.

"If that's what they are doing I don't see that as necessarily being a bad thing," he said.


You might note that these reductions come subject areas which are frequently oversubscribed - a drop of 4.5% in English studies applications will only make the tiniest dent in the rejection rate at Bristol or Edinburgh universities.

A closer examination of the application rates reveals that the biggest changes are in disciplines that seem highly employable: electronic and electrical engineering, down 18.6%, finance - down 13%, and production and manufacturing engineering down 23%.

Why are some of these figures a tiny bit spurious? Not all of these courses are offered at all universities, and location of study can be a significant issue when it comes to choosing a degree - especially if studying away from home is a particular financial burden.

I'm at the end of my third degree - which I need as a professional qualification - and paying for the damn thing has left me financially crushed, despite having two jobs and generous family support. However, I chose to do this and I'd do it all again.

So, if you've been to university, how do you rate your degree? Would top-up fees make you less likely to study if you had to do it all again? If you chose to go straight into work, or leave a degree part-way through, would you consider going back to higher education?

Thursday, April 27, 2006

"the time has come for me to finally freak out"

From regular commenter Ithika, an angry post about intelligent design creationism:

So what does Intelligent Design have to say in the realms of science? In fact, very little. It claims that:

1. evolution fails to explain the origin of life;
2. evolutionary theory is inadequate to explain life’s complexity and diversity;
3. the only valid explanation for life’s complexity is an intelligent designer.


The first point can be discarded immediately, since evolution does not address the origin of life. The theory of gravity says nothing about where we came from, but that doesn’t mean we think it’s hokum…

The second point is explained through various obscure technical arguments, such as “irreducible complexity” and a “fine-tuned universe”, which many people have repeatedly shown to be nonsense.

But even if these arguments were valid this would not help the ID proponents’ case. There are no predictions. They do not state — beyond the simplistic “a designer did it” — any alternative hypotheses. Its proponents wish to knock down evolution and put… no alternative in its place; and yet they claim that their “theory” is on a par with evolution.


Click through for the whole thing and some excellent links - including the index to creationist claims and the appropriate rebuttals.

bulletin from the pubic triangle

Some local news for local people:

EDINBURGH'S lap-dance clubs are to be asked to sign up to a voluntary code of conduct which would have them follow tough new rules ahead of a change in the law.

Strip clubs would have to remove all private booths and fit CCTV cameras in a bid to protect lap dancers from being forced into doing anything illegal. The code would also ban performers dancing within one metre of customers and make sure clubs do not employ performers under 18.

However, club owners hit back at the move claiming they were being unfairly targeted.


I'm a little confused by that protest: which other businesses on Lothian Road have private booths which might be used as a cover for under-age prostitution? This might actually be a stab at the regulation of "saunas" in the city, which are far, far more likely to give a home to sex-workers.

Tollcross councillor Lorna Shiels, who served on the group, has won the backing of the city's Labour administration for a motion to next month's council meeting to consider a voluntary code. [...]

she said she was optimistic most of Edinburgh's seven lap-dancing venues - six of which are in Tollcross - would be willing to make the changes ahead of a new law.

She said most of the clubs in Edinburgh did not have CCTV cameras. And she said in one club, the performers had to change in the ladies' toilets.

She said: "What I'm looking for is a voluntary code they can sign up to now. We've been assured by the operators' representatives we spoke to that the good operators would embrace this because it helps differentiate them from sex-industry outlets."

Cllr Shiels accepted some of the clubs might refuse to sign up to the code. But she said: "They will stand out as sleazy joints that don't want to promote women's safety and don't care about the community.


It's interesting to see how many businesses feel threatened by the notion of a voluntary code - if, as the owner of Daddy O maintains - the premises are licensed and there's nothing dodgy going on, what's to be lost by making those premises safer for the women who work there?

I do have some sympathy for business who already provide good working conditions and are serious about the safety of their staff - but a move that helps to draw a clear line between adult entertainment and the sex industry will actually work in favour of those 'reputable' businesses, rather than against them.

The reason that club-owners are being asked to take different, more stringent measures that sauna i.e. brothel-owners (of which there are also many in the surrounding area) is that different behaviour is expected. It's not a double-standard - it's different standards for different kinds of business.

I live in Tollcross: at least four of the clubs are within a five minute walk of my front door. The other historic name for the area is the 'Pubic Triangle.' Delightful, no?

the friendly divorce

I like this idea:

Collaborative law, which has been developed in America, is designed to ensure that the break-up of a marriage is less bitter, traumatic and costly.
Already a number of Scottish couples – 50 in Aberdeen – have successfully used the scheme, which keeps the couple out of the courts and avoids the possibility of lengthy and acrimonious litigation.

"The idea is to end the concept of winners and losers in divorce and separation," said Richard Ward, spokesman for North-East Scotland Collaborative Law Association, which was launched yesterday.


Anything likely to minimise the cost and trauma of divorce to individuals or their families is a move in the right direction.

"the voluptuous inter­twining of the limbs"

Some old-skool gender policing:

"The indecent foreign dance called the Waltz was introduced ... at the English Court on Friday last ... It is quite sufficient to cast one's eyes on the voluptuous inter­twining of the limbs, and close com­pressure of the bodies ... to see that it is far indeed removed from the modest reserve which has hitherto been considered distinctive of English females.

So long as this obscene display was con­fined to prostitutes and adulteresses, we did not think it deserving of notice; but now that it is ... forced on the respectable classes of society by the evil example of their superiors, we feel it a duty to warn every parent against exposing his daughter to so fatal a contagion."
- The Times of London, 1816


The waltz was apparently of no danger to young gentlemen. From Wired, via Boing Boing.

Wednesday, April 26, 2006

the first question

Laura Barcella responds to the knashing of teeth and rending of garments that plagued the comments to her article on male responsibility for reducing rape:

I haven't relinquished the belief that violence against women is, in large part, a men's issue. No one has yet to convince me against the idea that many men, even if they have never physically perpetuated an act of violence against women, still (consciously or unconsciously) participate in our subtle, socially-acceptable culture of female degradation.


She goes on to quote Christopher Kilmartin, a Virginia college professor and psychologist:

... When I tell people I'm a psychologist specializing in gender-based violence, people always ask, when a man is beating his wife, why does she stay with him? That's question #2; they never ask question #1: Why would a man hit his wife?

... Is it women's job to prevent rape? Don't get me wrong - I'm all for women learning self-defense if they want to, but let's call it what it really is - risk reduction. It is men's responsibility to prevent rape.


I think I'm a fan.

protestors: very cross

Irony called - they want their crucifix back:

CHRISTIAN protesters picketed the controversial Jerry Springer the Opera musical when it opened in Edinburgh last night.

Around 40 angry church-goers - one dressed as a blood-stained Christ carrying a wooden cross - launched the protest at Edinburgh's Festival Theatre last night. [...]

Paul James-Griffiths, a 43-year-old script writer from the West End, dressed as Christ, said: "This is my artistic response to something where I feel people have pushed the boundaries too far."


For anyone confused, this is the good kind of artistic response, as opposed to JS:TO, which is the bad kind of artistic response. Okay?

FYI - the title for this post contains what is currently the best pun on the internet.

Tuesday, April 25, 2006

the cost of human traffic

This should be common sense to everyone - a person under the threat of violence isn't free to give any kind of consent, which is why this reform from the Home Office is a good one:

Men who knowingly have sex with trafficked prostitutes will be prosecuted for rape as part of a police crackdown, the Guardian has learned.

A drive to cut the demand for trafficked prostitutes will target punters by urging them to report any contacts they have with trafficked women and making it clear that action will be taken against any who have sex in the knowledge that the woman has been trafficked.

The crackdown will be publicised with advertisements in "lads' magazines" and on websites used by men who buy sex.


This is a good idea - go after the people who own and run brothels staffed by trafficked prostitutes AND the men who make the sale of women into sexual slavery profitable in the first place. I am slightly worried about what form the advertisment campaign will take, given the Home Office's recent run of crass attempts at reaching men on the issue of rape.

It would also be good if the government would finally sign the Council of Europe convention on human trafficking, rather than offering up excuses that are devoid of meaning:

A Home Office spokesman said: "We too want to see widespread action to tackle this abhorrent trade at source. The UK has not yet signed the convention but that doesn't mean that we won't sign it."


There's also the sticking point that only men who knowingly have sex with trafficked women will be prosecuted, which seems to create a special class of consent for sex workers which doesn't apply to other women - it also contradicts the Home Office position that consent be understood as something given actively, without coercion, rather than assumed.

I think we also need to think about pursuing and punishing anyone who buys the services of someone who has been sold into sexual slavery. We need to establish a legal perimeter around this crime that burns anyone who gets involved. There should be no reason to feel sympathy for any man inadvertently "caught" in this situation: payment to a third party is not the same as consent.

Similarly, if a person doesn't care enough to check whether the prostitute they buy time with is even a minimally willing party, then I don't care enough to find out if they've made a horrible "innocent" mistake. I have no patience whatsoever for those who complain that it will be "difficult" to find out if a prostitute is the victim of trafficking, least of all for anyone who thinks that these just aren't the questions that men will ask the kind of woman they pay to have sex with.

As ever, the easiest way to avoid accidentally having sex with people who have been sold into slavery is to not pay for sex - or, at the very least, show the minimal level interest or regard you would expect to be shown to your daughter, sister or wife.

If we want to be serious about a society where some people can actively choose to be sex workers - who, on the face of things, will always form a minority of those involved in prostituion - then we need to be deadly serious about the forms of sexual labour which are transparently illegal and immoral.

everyone loves a fascist

Coverage of the poll showing that some BNP policies are very popular is deeply misleading and seems to suggest that voters are either stupid or hypocritical:

52 per cent of those who took part in the survey agreed that all immigrants should be denied the right to bring further members of their family into this country. But when told it was a BNP policy, support fell by 9 per cent. [...]

More than a third of people, 37 per cent, said they would seriously consider voting for the BNP's policies in an election. But identifying the BNP with the policies caused support to fall by 17 per cent. Large majorities dismissed two of the BNP's most hardline ideas. Some 68 per cent refused to support the stance that non-white British citizens are inherently less British than white people.

And 52 per cent were opposed to encouraging immigrants and their families to leave Britain.


Talk of 'reversing' the BNP's negative image completely misses the reason why the BNP have such an image at all. Voters know that even if there are BNP positions that they agree with that they'd be voting for a complete package - a package which contains some very ugly policies and even uglier rhetoric.

It's also possible to occupy positions on different issues that don't fall neatly into left-right divides. (One of the reasons that Labour got elected in 1997 was that it was able to sell the promise of social progressiveness and fiscal conservatism. Oh, how we laugh.)

A common desire to see further reform in immigration is not necessarily the same thing as a common desire to see the BNP in power. Given that large majorities reject key BNP positions, the claim that 'most Britons actually support the BNP' is wholly false - though, of course, it makes a great headline.

A more meaningful poll would have compared the popularity of key policies from all parties, each stripped of their allegiance - but that wouldn't fit into the pre-determined narrative of the BNP as a the great, white threat of British politics.

The story here isn't why the public likes some of the BNP's policies: the story is why the public continues to reject them, despite their apparent desirability.

Monday, April 24, 2006

calling all traitors

Psst.. I think he's talking about us:

A "pernicious and even dangerous poison" is present in the British media, Home Secretary Charles Clarke said today.

The politician accused parts of the Press of making incorrect and over-simplified statements about his Government's record on civil liberties. He said journalists had transferred totalitarian qualities to democracies such as the UK and the US following the collapse of "genuinely dangerous" dictatorships.

That's right - critics of Labour have just gone from being fool-hardy to being dangerous. Students of history and irony will note that this is a strategy of control and intimidation usually found traditional totalitarian states: criticism of the state is not merely misguided, but threatens the personal safety and prosperity of everyone in that state. Presumably, the danger to which Clarke refers is that the claim to recognise petty dictatorships at home will blind us to the threat of larger ones abroad: I think we're probably able to do both.

Still, it's genuinely pleasing to hear someone squeal like this:

"In the absence of many of the genuinely dangerous and evil totalitarian dictatorships to fight - since they've gone - the media has steadily rhetorically transferred to some of the existing democracies, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom, some of the characteristics of those dictatorships. So some commentators routinely use language like 'police state', 'fascist', 'hijacking our democracy', 'creeping authoritarianism', 'destruction of the rule of law' [...]


Let's take a stroll down memory lane: let's try detention and punishment without trial, advocated by our Dear Leader only yesterday, which would seem to fit the description of most if not all of the above.

From the position of the lowly blogger, it seems that the way to avoid being accused of totalitarianism is to stop behaving in a way that appears.. well.. totalitarian, such as making the claim to be the only arbiter of truth, the only one to understand 'complex' arguments for the good of the people:

"In the case of often complex debates, for example on the appropriate balance between liberty and security, much media comment reduces itself to simplistic and flowery rhetoric."


Here, only Clarke and chums get to decide what is 'appropriate'; disagreement with those decisions being made on our behalf is 'dangerous'.

Of course, only someone who really enjoys their rhetoric would notice that Clark has just attacked the messenger and not the message or that 'simplistic and flowery rhetoric' is the hallmark of an administration that thought Saddam had nuclear weapons, claim that ID cards will protect us from terrorism, think that the NHS is having the bestest year everrrr etc. etc.

Gallows humour aside, the Home Secretary just accused critics of his government of being dangerous. Will someone give me odds on how long it will take for his advocates to accuse us of treason?

blair: foolish or fraudulent?

Jenni Russell in The Guardian catches Blair's favourite rhetorical trick in mid-flight:

Blair's genius, here as so often, is to present ends that we would all find desirable, while implying that his methods are the only means of getting there. Anyone who criticises those methods, whether a judge, journalist or citizen, can thus be presented as an opponent who cannot deliver what he is seeking: a just and free society. His emotional appeal is undeniable. His logic is flawed,
indefensible and dangerous.

It is always impossible to know whether the prime minister is being disingenuous, or whether he is genuinely ignorant.


Residents of blogistan shouuld recognise this bait and switch from our trolls - when someone proposes the means (ID cards, imprisonment without trial, straight-only marriage - you name it) to a particular end (the protection of the family, justice, public safety) and you disagree with those means, then someone else accuses you of actually being an enemy of families and justice, and a friend of the terrorist.

It's buoyed by the ever popular false logic of "something must be done": crudely put, there are terrorists so let's lock everyone up just in case because something must be done.

I think we've found our electoral meme, by the way - Blair: fool or fraud?

sex workers and "forced labour"

There's a new study putting the lie to the persistent belief that prostitutes choose that life because they enjoy sex so very much - and apologies for the chunky quote but the Herald's archive doors shut incredibly quickly:

NINE out of 10 prostitutes are injecting drug users, up from 70% in 1992, according to research. The study by Dr Neil McKeganey, director of the Centre for Drug Misuse Research at Glasgow University, concluded that the need to fund a drug habit was one of the main reasons for women becoming prostitutes. [...]

It adds: "What is clear from these reports is the fact that while a small number of women described themselves as having exercised some element of choice in their decision to start working, and continue working, in the sex industry, for the vast majority of women interviewed in this study, the decision to start working appeared to have largely been made for them as a result of the desperate circumstances in which they were living, predominantly their dependence upon illegal drugs." [...]

Dr McKeganey's report states that it was inaccurate to believe there was any choice in terms of the women's routes into prostitution and that it could be described as "forced labour".


Now, what does this say about people who use prostitutes?

close, but no communion wafer

Let's call this partially good news:

The Vatican is preparing to publish a statement on the use of condoms by people who have Aids, a senior Roman Catholic official has said.

Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragan told La Repubblica newspaper that Pope Benedict XVI asked the Vatican's council for health care to study the issue.


You know what would be even better? A stance on condoms that might help people from getting AIDS/HIV in the first place, regardless of marital status.

However - despite my personal distaste for such manouevring of the fig-leaf of sexual morals - I'll admit that this could act as a wedge issue that pushes acceptance of condoms further into the Catholic Church and become the basis of further progress. Crucially, it could also act to protect women in cultures where marital sex on demand is near unavoidable - an expectation which the Church has had its own role in prolonging.

My pragmatist side says that some progress is better than no progress at all, but my idealist wants more.

taken to the cleaners: more fun with numbers

The claim in The Independent that housework is therapeutic for women relies on some fairly shaky logic:

Where 20 years ago housework was seen by many as a sign of female subjugation, the tide appears to have turned. Nearly six out of 10 (58 per cent) defended their role in the home and said they "felt depressed if their house was a mess", while 59 per cent said "untidiness and clutter made them feel tense".


The fact that the women who responded to this survey feel depressed when their homes are untidy and feel better when their homes are clean has no direct bearing on whether housework is a form of subjugation. The problem isn't the housework - the problem is the expectation that housework is exclusively feminine work.

If anything, we see that housework - or a failure to do housework - is still the source of specifically female shame:

Eight out of 10 respondents compared the cleanliness of their home with other people's, while 70 per cent feared they would be thought "lazy" if their homes were untidy.


In fact, let's look a little more closely at this survey. It's an online study, so it draws upon a fairly specific demographic of wealth and education. It's seemingly a survey of women only; we can't tell if any men were asked to participate, or if any questions were asked about sharing household labour - instead, it's presumed that domestic work is universally women's work.

You might also notice the 'pick-list' style - where respondents select responses from a list of equivalents, hence:

Although only 22 per cent said they actively enjoyed cleaning and tidying, the majority (64 per cent) said the "results made them happy" and half said it was "visually joyful" which left them feeling "proud of their achievements".


It's at this point that your spider-sense should start tingling - because this study which is headlined as showing that cleaning is therapeutic also shows that it's more likley make women feel anxious: 70% worried about being thought lazy, versus 64% made happy.

Any claim to empowerment through cleanliness needs to be balanced against the knowledge that women are still judged for having an untidy home in a way that men are not. Internalising an expectation doesn't mean you're no longer subject to it.

Still, hurray for the end of subjugation!

Sunday, April 23, 2006

speed demon

Holy farking shit: I just took the free upgrade on my broadband, and was told that it would take up to ten days to take effect. Within three minutes, my account disconnected and then re-connected. At twice the speed.

Wheeeeeeee.

Normal services will resume shortly.

selling out in the name of academia

As you might have noticed, there's now a small Adsense box in the right-hand bar. If you like reading this blog, you can now show your love in an indirect and yet economically rewarding fashion. :)

The reason? I'm finishing up my thesis and the stealth costs of submission are proving to be financially "exciting." Oh, and if you see something that's entirely inappropriate appearing in the ads, please let me know.

Ta.

equality vouchers, my arse

I'm glad that the problem of undervalued domestic labour is being recognised, but the solution proposed here completely misses the point:

WOMEN are being held down by a “second glass ceiling” that prevents them making the same progress towards equality at home that they have achieved in the workplace, writes Claire Newell.

In a report to be published on Tuesday, Demos, a think tank with links to the Labour party, will argue that many couples are trying hard to establish a relationship based on equality.

But the economic realities of raising a family often push them to adopt a traditional division of roles — in which the man is the main breadwinner and the woman does most of the child rearing. [...]

Demos is calling for the introduction of “family life vouchers”, paid for by either employers or taxpayer, to pay for nannies, cooks and cleaners so women will find it more practical to return to work.


Really, no. No, please, please no. A voucher scheme? Darling, I've decided that I'm sick of you not doing a share of the housework or respecting my role in the family, so I'm going on the voucher scheme?

First of all, this is a stunningly middle-class solution: nannies, cooks and cleaners? It entirely misunderstands the primary problem of being able to afford child-care: a huge number of homes with children where both partners work are homes where both partners have to work. Demos' brand of concern over equality doesn't get much time in the face of paying a mortgage and eating.

Second, it narrowly reads 'equality' in the home as the situation where both male and female partners are working - and presumably farming out that non-work domestic labour to someone else. Demos is arguing that the only way to gain equality in the home is for women to get out of the home, because the work done there gains no respect.

What Demos is fumbling for is the principal that either partner should be able to be the 'main bread-winner,' and that the person doing the majority of the domestic and child-rearing labour is not thought of as less valuable, or less important. Farming that labour out to a third party just sweeps that implicit judgment under the carpet - or rather, pays someone else to sweep it under the carpet. While such a scheme might help some women to get back into work, it won't address that value judgment - but instead provide the means to ignore it.

Unless we believe that work in the home should have as much respect as work outside of the home, it will still be more desirable to have a 'proper job' in the 'real world': staying at home, either by choice or circumstance, will remain the lesser role. There's an underlying sexism here that vouchers don't even begin to address - that work being done by women is seen as (economically) less valuable, where the entrance of men into the same roles has been show to increase the status of that identical labour.

Finally, the government should stay the fuck out of negotiating equality in the home: the 'economic barrier' argument is, on this occasion, an excuse for people who are committed to equality right up until the moment where they might have to change their life and values to actually accommodate it. If two people don't respect what the other does, no amount of vouchers will make them feel equal.

witch!

Get thee behind me, Blair:

He outlines controversial new steps, ranging from seizing assets from suspected drug dealers - which could see anyone stopped with more than £1,000 having the money confiscated - to draconian new restrictions on the movements of those suspected of involv-ement in organised crime.

Even if they are not convicted of a crime and there is insufficient evidence to try them, suspects could be banned from associating with certain individuals or travelling to certain places, in order to disrupt trades such as human trafficking.


Blair went further in describing the new 'lake-based' justice system which will replace 'innocent until proven guilty.' "It's very simple," he said, "if the suspect drowns then they're not a witch."

EDIT - Charlie at perfect.co.uk nails it by - you know - actually reading the legislation that Blair discusses:

In fact the [Regulatory Reform / Abolition of Parliament] bill limits opportunities for debate. If a minister chooses the so-called “negative resolution” procedure (one of the three procedures defined in the bill) an order may be made with no debate at all. If parliament wants to approve the order in a debate, it must first call for one of the two affirmative procedures to be used.


Go and read what I was too lazy to even consider writing this morning, instead opting for witch jokes. :)

Saturday, April 22, 2006

a bigger boy made me sell the morning-after pill

I was really hoping we'd avoid this claim on the "moral" high-ground, but it seems that Tesco has decided that it has a better grasp of health care than - well - health care professionals:

Tesco yesterday accused Health Service trusts of 'forcing' it to supply the morning-after pill to children. At present, the supermarket chain sells the emergency contraception only to women and girls over 16 and those with a prescription.

But it claims that some primary care trusts are now demanding that new pharmacies provide the pills free to girls under 16. According to Tesco, if it does not agree to do so, it may not obtain pharmacy licences.

A spokesman said: "It has been our policy since 2002 not to provide the morning-after pill to under-16s. We took this decision after many of our customers told us they were unhappy with Tesco providing this service.

"However, some primary care trusts are making provision of the pill to under-16s a requirement of obtaining a licence.

"So we fear that, in the future, we will reluctantly be forced to comply if we are to offer customers the benefits of a pharmacy, including important services such as the dispensing of prescription medicines."

The morning-after pill became available over the counter in 2001 and can be bought legally by anyone over 16.


What a bunch of weasel-talking crap. This is a PR move to stop those nasty social conservatives from being mean to Tesco: honestly, I didn't want to sell the morning after pill but a bigger boy made me do it.

If you're going to have pharmacies, then they actually have to be able to provide the services of pharmacies. Frankly, it's a very simple decision - Tesco can either lose the trade of the anti-choice bigots who object to the morning after pill, or loss the rather larger trade of filling prescriptions for everyone.

So - despite appearance of fevered brow and the wringing of hands - Tesco will 'reluctantly' sell the morning after a pill because they know how much money they could otherwise lose, all the while appearing moral because they don't want to deny their other customers 'essential services.'

Ironically, the reason that a customer might be denied access to a pharmacy if Tesco had to shut theirs is that large, supermarket pharmacies have cut into the trade of traditional community pharmacies, causing many to close. This tacky piece of spin is nothing more than a hat-tip to moral conservatives, a smokescreen for a decision that can have caused no anguish.

against "normal"

There are some words which are persistently awkward: words which will send eyes rolling in disbelief, words like 'queer,' 'feminist,' and - to get to the point - 'heteronormativity.'

Maybe there's a belief that it just has too many syllables to be accepted as a part of the real world rather than an academic clique, but still - let me tell you a small story by way of an analogy to explain what I mean when I use it:

Let's pretend that in every room you go into, the people you find there think that they already know your name, which is Mr Smith. You don't really want to bring up your personal business, but you also don't want people to presume you're someone you're not - so you mention that they have your name wrong.

However, the people in the room think that as it's small town everyone is related to the Smith family in one way or another. However, after a moment, someone remembers that a new family moved into the area recently and that if you're not a Smith, then you surely must be a Clark. There are rumours that the Clarks - every man and woman amongst them - like dancing and interior design. They might also be atheists, or worse.

At this point - when you insist you are neither a member of the Smith or Clark clans - the room divides into two groups. You can more or less leave now, because the rest really doesn't involve you at all but your ride won't be back for another hour. The first group thinks you're kidding yourself and that after a nice lie down, you'll come to your senses and realise that - despite what you might have done at college - you are Mr. Smith after all.

The second group also thinks that you're kidding yourself - but they think that you are in fact Mr. Clark and are merely trying to disguise it with a veneer of Smithiness. One enterprising person suggests that maybe you're the product of inter-marriage and that you are a member of both families and hold dual passports to their respective homelands. There may be an appeal to some kind of higher order to settle the issue, once and for all.

Now imagine that a variation on this story takes place in every room you enter and every time you open the newspaper or turn on TV and that every damn person presumes to know your name.


The biggest trick our culture plays is that it tells us that identity involves picking sexualities and sexes from a fixed menu. Though dressed as a reflection of nature, nature has never been so kind: cultural trends, even crashingly persistent ones, should not be mistaken as essential fact and elevated to the universal position from which everything is seen.

As my little story hopefully suggests, this isn't just about straight versus gay. Think you're heterosexual? Think you're the exact same kind of heterosexual as every other straight-identifying person on the planet? Somehow, I don't think so.

People are not homogenous - and neither is desire.

Friday, April 21, 2006

rape and disclosure

Okay, here's two sides of an argument I've been having with myself, thanks to posts at Mind the Gap and Alas, A Blog.

Rape trials should offer confidentiality to both the accuser and accused. It deflates those who oppose rape law reform on the grounds that 'false accusations' are damaging and recognises that the prosecution of rape is almost unique in its examination of the victims behaviour. Anonymity prevents rape trials from being indirectly influenced by the versions of events constructed by the mass media and protects the families and individuals involved from unwarranted intrusion.

However, secret trials are not a good thing in a liberal democracy: when justice is done, we also need to be able to see it being done if we are to trust our legal systems or campaign for reform. I'm also very uneasy about advocating blanket restrictions on reporting in the media, though I recognise how they can have a socially functional and appropriate role (such as in protecting the identity of minors in child custody or abuse cases.)

Yet anonymous trials might also re-inforce the veil of silence that surrounds sexual violence, potentially hiding both the scale of the problem and the consequences on real lives. There are also cases where the prosecution of a particular suspect has lead other victims to come forward with their own evidence, with stories of their own assault.

So, how do we go about striking a balance?

the things that move us

The priorities of middle England, in short-form:

Article on a woman arrested during human rights protest for intimidating a foreign official at 600 yards: 3 comments.

Article on the cost of a woman's haircut during the last general election: 42 comments.

"the ends do not justify the means," or "inquisition, what inquisition?"

Pot, I find you to be exceedingly black. Yours, kettle:

A CHURCH of Scotland committee has backed using human embryos for stem cell research in some circumstances. The Kirk's Society, Religion and Technology Project decided it was ethical to use embryos created during IVF treatment if they were under 14 days old. [...]

Leading experts in medical ethics have described the stance as "brave", but the report, which goes before the General Assembly next month, has already attracted criticism from the Roman Catholic Church, which said the Kirk was "starting down a dangerous path" by stating that the end justifies the means.


The danger of the ends justifying the means? Where have I heard this before? Could it be a ban on contraception (which would also help protect us from life-threatening STIs) because it will save our 'souls'?

The Church of Scotland committee in question should actually be lauded for at least having done some research before trying to come to a coherent answer to a complex moral question - rather than claiming absolute equivalence between the smallest cluster of cells and a full grown child.

more blame, darling?

I've used the line before but it's still good: women ain't fertilising themselves, so when people write about 'women's lifestyles' in regard to changes in childbirth stats, it would be nice to recognise that at least a few of them will have - you know - talked to their partners about having children:

AN "ALARMING increase" in the premature births is being recorded across Europe and doctors believe that women's lifestyles may be to blame.

Researchers say it is difficult to explain the rise but obesity, smoking and social class might be part of the problem. Very young and older mothers are also more likely to have a premature birth.


Because the consequences for very young and very old fathers are functionally invisible, we're free to blame the mother. How convenient.

catholic cardinal on safe sex: "evil" by default

How very, very considerate:

One of the Roman Catholic Church's most distinguished cardinals has publicly backed the use of condoms among married couples to prevent Aids transmission.

Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini said that in couples where one had HIV/Aids, which could pass to the partner, the use of condoms was "a lesser evil".


*blink*

That's right: for the Catholic Church, having safe sex and protecting yourself or someone else from an STI is an evil - and only a "lesser evil" if you're married to the person you're having sex with.

I presume that the greater evils the Cardinal alludes to include having (disease endangering) unprotected sex with your spouse and having sex outside of marriage. I dearly wish I could get hold of the ranking list for these sins - if I have sex outside of marriage, is it more or less evil to have unprotected sex?

Am I allowed to use condoms within marriage as birth control, not just for disease prevention, or would that too count as a greater evil? Presumably it's because I can't do one without the other that it's sinful at all.

This is definitely one of those occasions where shooting missionaries on sight sounds like a good idea.

Thursday, April 20, 2006

glad to be of service

One of those tongue in cheeck articles that's actually about sanitising and policing those nasty queers:

What I secretly yearn for is a gay uncle. Ordinary uncles are fine, don't get me wrong. But a gay uncle has the time, energy and, crucially, the disposable income to add a stylish new dimension to family life.

Need your son's bedroom decorated? Look no further than the one person in the family with taste and an account at the Designer's Guild. [...]

Gay uncles, you see, have exacting sartorial standards. Rapper turned clothes designer Sean ''Diddy'' Combs once confessed that he owed his flair for fashion to his gay uncle.


Of course, we just have to hope that this particular stereotype is true - that gay men are all stylish and wealthy - and that the other popular stereotypes aren't: or the uncle will have spent all of his money on holidays in Brazil, drugs, clubbing and sex toys. Still, it's fun to dress up a stereotype as a positive thing, no?

Look in any little girl's wardrobe and you may well spot the telltale signs of a gay uncle's generosity. [...] Sadly, lesbian aunts don't enjoy the same reputation for indulgence.

Perhaps they prefer to acquire their own offspring - or to spend their salaries on sensible shoes rather than frou-frou garments or ruffled bed canopies for their nieces.


And there we have it - gay men are actually like little girls and lesbians are dour, selfish bitches. How very modern and very inclusive.

Wednesday, April 19, 2006

standing in the motorway every damn day

Someone over at Comment in Free posts this in reply to Laura Barcella's article on the eagerness of some to blame the victims of rape:

Hey Laura, I'm sure you know that it's illegal to knock down and kill someone in a car. We all know that. Men and women. Do you think if you took a stroll in the fast lane of the M1 one night, it would therefore be entirely the fault of the car driver/s if you were ran down?

Or might you too carry some responsibility, for doing such a damn silly thing?


Now that I've stopped shouting at the screen, I've this to say: the idea that being raped is the equivalent of going for a walk in the middle of a motorway repeats the argument that women are responsible for their own rape - as if 'damn silly' women were stupidly flinging themselves in front of men who are unable to stop in time to avoid hurting them. It's an analogy that absolves rapists of any blame.

That idea also misses the point that the overwhelming victims of rape are women, who are raped by men. This does not mean that all men are rapists, anymore than all women are victims. It's certainly not an argument that we should expect women to persistently behave as potential victims: the demand for 'reasonable precautions' ignores the fact that's it's unreasonable to expect women to live with a fear of sexual assault for no other reason than that they happen to be women.

A person can indeed take steps to minimise the chances of being assaulted, but describing rape in terms of the victims carelessness ignores the fact the vast majority of rape victims are attacked by someone they already know, oftentimes within their own home. Is the advice that women should trust no men? That women shouldn't be alone with any man, for fear of stumbling across a busy road she didn't even know existed?

Arguing that women contribute, via negligence, to their own rape is a shabby way of excusing the rape as 'something that happens,' as if there's nothing we can do about it. Hell, why bother hiring police to catch rapists at all when we could use the money to buy every woman a gun, or an extra lock on their door?

Still angry.

you''ll find it in the fiction section

Fresh from the Catholic Media Office mailing list:

In a talk to be given this evening (Wednesday 19 April) at the University of Glasgow, Professor Patrick Reilly will expose a series of flaws in the bestselling "Da Vinci Code" book and in its underlying premise.


I presume this event will be slightly more substantial than repeating 'it's a novel, get over yourselves' over and over again. Still, it's nice when fans of one book minimally based on real world events get to talk about another book minimally based on real world events, no?

big brother swallowed by even larger sibling

Good news, checkmated by bad news in The Guardian as the cost of the national ID database goes up by £200m:

A £400m scheme put forward by the chancellor, Gordon Brown, to create a new national population database dubbed a building block of the "surveillance society" was finally killed off yesterday. The initial plans for the citizen information project won the Office of National Statistics the 2004 Big Brother award for the "most heinous government organisation" from the campaigning organisation, Privacy International.

The aim of the project, which was to go live in 2008, was to create a "master list" of everybody's name, address, date of birth, sex and a personal identifying number which could be shared across the public sector.

But Des Browne, chief secretary to the Treasury, yesterday said this should be done through the national identity card scheme instead, "on the basis that the scheme eventually becomes compulsory". The decision is expected to add £200m to the cost of the ID card scheme.


It's almost as though the cost of the ID card just went up by several hundred million without any Parliamentary approval and hardly anyone noticed. Oh wait, that has just happened.

Anyone thinking that we've just 'saved' £200m due to the 'rationalisation' of two schemes should remember that a) the national identity base has no spending cap on it, so it's a saving on a figure that has no upper limit anyway because b) we're apparently going to have a national identity database regardless of cost or indeed anything else.

Tuesday, April 18, 2006

bookdrunk

mirrormask

inquisition, what inquisition?

Let's play the time-honoured game of compare and contrast. First, it's all hugs aall around - in a chaste, heterosexual kind of way, of course. It's Tuesday, 18th April:

However, the new Pope's first year has been characterised not by smacks or bites at the liberal wing but by harmony, patience and an olive branch to those who opposed his election. [...] He is no longer characterised as the Rottweiler, but as the German shepherd, dedicated to keeping an eye on his flock.

Even commentators who would scarcely describe themselves as fans have been impressed. Richard Holloway, the author and former primus of the Episcopal Church in Scotland, says: "I was surprised that he was elected - and disappointed. But what has since surprised me has been his grace. He hasn't avoided his conservative principles, but there has been a lighter tone. I would say that it's a matter of tone over content, but tone is important. He has put things in a better way than he has in the past.

I was also surprised but very pleased that he has put the emphasis on love, which is, after all, the heart of the Christian message. There are lots of other things, such as law and discipline, but love sometimes gets lost and he's brought it to the fore."

Evidence of that "lighter tone" and harmony with the liberal wing from Good Friday, 14th April:

Decadent world is in the grip of Satan, says Pope

Pope Benedict said last night that the world was in the grip of Satan and prayed for mankind to open its eyes to the "filth around us". At an Easter ceremony that recreated the passage of Jesus Christ to the crucifixion, Benedict XVI lashed out at man's "decadent narcissism". He said "a slick campaign of propaganda is spreading an inane apologia of evil, a senseless cult of Satan".


You know, I think he has mellowed in his old age. Soon he'll be ripping the heads.. uh.. patting the heads of puppies in St. Peter's Square. Lovely.

ride like the queen

Not all of you will be familiar with the treasure trove that is the Daily Mail's message boards - one of which leads with 'If you were 80 would you still ride like the Queen?' Oh, my filthy, filthy mind overfloweth. Come with me as I dip into an ever-replenishing pool of irony.

Today's core sample comes from the discussion of same-sex marriage, where the majority of people are happily in favour of people getting on with their own lives and loving each other etc. etc. Fortunately for the purposes of entertainment, the defenders of 'traditional' morals eventually appear from the undergrowth. First, someone with their heart in almost the right place:

There is far too little love in the world as it is and anything that brings people closer together with committment to each other should be celebrated, but please let's refer to same-sex ceremonies as Civil Partnerships; they are NOT marriages, marriage is the union of one man and one woman and should not be undermined in any way. Marriage is,imo, vital to maintain a strong and stable society and should always be treated as such.

Helen (who's been married twice and is blissfully happy with my lovely second husband)


That's the union of one man and one woman at a time, divorce and remarriage undermining the stability of that union notwithstanding.

Now, on to something slightly sterner - I particularly like the internal inconsistency of this one:

Well i'm sorry but i dont agree in same sex marriages at all.

I dont have a problem with gay people i wouldnt abuse them or be rude or anything, i know a couple of gay people BUT i dont want to see it flaunted in my face because im sorry but it just isnt 'normal' whatever that is.

I know that gay people are born this way or whatever so they cannot help feeling attracted to the same sex in the same way that straight people cant help being attracted to the opposite sex. But i just dont see why their relationships needs to be publicly recognised??


It's not normal, but gay people are born that way. Oookay. "There's no reason why we should discriminate against gay people, therefore we should discriminate against gay people." He/she, upon being challenged by the other Daily Mail commenters offers the following response:

Yes i am sure thanks i said flaunting not pushing it in my face..........Cor blimey lets have a debate not play tit for tat on who said what when!!!

As for me not having to get it....i know i dont but this is a discussion and i am expressing an opinion.


Yes, a debate and discussion where the actual words being used should not be used to confer meaning. After a while cognitive dissonance sets in, as he/she declares that he/she has a) absolutely no problems with gay people and b) that they are not normal and shouldn't have the same rights.

On reflection, I think that avant gardist deconstructionists have infiltrated the Daily Mail.

Maybe not.

reforming sexual offence law in scotland

Various people are blogging today to raise the profile of the issue of sexual violence, with a list of participants listed in the comment thread at Femivist.

For my part, I want to point you to the public consultation on sexual offence law in Scotland. The consultation period is open until 1st May and you can give your views online at the Scottish Law Commission's website.

One of the central intentions of this review is to end confusion over what constitutes consent:

[Fiona Southward of the SLC] said: "There may be many different views of what 'consent' is, or of what sort of behaviour can be evidence of 'consent'. "If there is no definition, then the door is open to prejudices about the way women dress, drink and behave. It also means there is nothing in legislation to say how the law expects a person to behave and how people are to understand the behaviour of others."

The SLC has suggested drawing up a list of possible scenarios which would assist jurors in establishing when consent has not been given.

The main proposals also covered by the consultation are the redefinition of rape - to include male rape, protection of those vulnerable to sexual exploitation, application of the law equally to men and women and a review of rules of evidence.


The discussion paper can be found here, and is very much worth reading through to see how consent operates in a legal setting - that is, the definitions on which convictions succeed or fail. I'm going to quote quite freely from it, but you should find some time to read it.

The role of the Crown in a rape trial is to lead evidence of facts which show not only that there was as a matter of fact no consent given by the women but also that the lack of consent was or (should have been) clear to the accused. [...]

However, under current Scots law there is no spceific definition of consent. Indeed is has been held tha a judge should not provide the jury with a definition


This would seem to indicate why juries are then open to make judgements on the basis of a victims dress or past sexual history; it does not challenge the practice of jury members and defence counsel to construct a (historical) presumptive consent on the part of some victims: she consented in the past, so she always consents.

The SLC also offers various criticisms of using the idea of consent within sexual offences law. They sugest that there are 'problems in knowing that consent to sexual activity has been given' and that the idea of consent is itself ambiguous - particularly in regard to women who have sexual intercourse under the threat of violence and can therefore be said to have consented, albeit for invalid reasons.

Crucially, this critique observes that 'consent models have the effect that the focus of a trial becomes the actings [behaviour] of the victim rather than those of the accused,' which consequently creates a situation where 'the victim might give evidence that she had not consented but the accused could nonetheless suggest that here actings at the time indiciated that had given consent.' In plain English, rape trials examine the behaviour of the victim for implied consent.

I don't want to repeat or paraphrase too much here because the case for reform is extremely strong - I don't want to water it down by paraphrasing too much. If you're strapped for time, it's section 3 of the consultation document. However, the part I do want to reproduce in a little detail (because I've yet to see it in blogdom, which is not to say that it doesn't exist) are the proposals for alternative models to those which focus on consent. That discussion is useful because it suggests why reforming the existing consent led model is a better option than replacing it.

The first idea is to define rape and sexual assault through an emphasis on sexual intercourse or other contact which takes part against the will of the victim:

where the accused has sexual intercourse with the victim and either a) the accused has overcome the victim's will; or b) the victim did not have a fair opportunity to exercise her will.


The critique offered for this reform is that while it would address the issue of coersion, a defence against accusation would still take the form of an alternative version of events where the victim 'consented with no overcoming of her will'. In effect, 'willingly' would become 'a synonym for consent and would attract the same problems of definition or meaning' and the current problems would remain.

The paper then goes on to offer examples of legal models which do not depend on consent but instead specify comprehensive and detailed circumstances in which rape can be committed. One such 'definitional' example is given:

The defendant has raped the complainant if he penetrates her whilst she a) has become intoxicated to the extent that substantially interferes with her decision=making processes; and b) that intoxication occurred without her knowledge or as a consequence of force, threats of force or she was otherwise intimidate into becoming intoxicated; and c) he is aware of the circumstances surrounding her intoxication or was reckless as to those circumstances having occurred.


One of the problems with this form is the extensive and potentially unwieldy definitions – and indeed defences – that must be set out in statute:

It is a defence to the charge of rape contrary to this section that the defendant was a_ explicitly invited by the complainant to have intercourse whilst she was in a state of intoxication prior to her becoming intoxicated ; or b) was in an ongoing sexual relationship with the complainant such that intercourse in such circumstances was to be expected.


Here the list of circumstances is a complete or closed list; problematically, anything not appearing on that list could not be treated as rape. Okay, still with me?

Given these problems, the SLC proposes instead a reform of the way consent is understood – that the absence of consent be part of the definition of sexual offences, rather than the presence of consent being a defence to them. The proposal, then, is that a constituent element of offences of sexual assault should be the lack of consent by the victim.

Now, some summary points from their recommendations:

- in the current definition of consent is that it presents a model of sexual activity in which one party (usually but not always the woman) does not play an active role. ‘If the sexual autonomy of all parties is to be respected, then the focus should be on what all the parties, in their respective interactions, do to arrive at genuine consenting sexual activity.’

- the primary question should be ‘what did all the parties do the ensure that they participated in a fully consensual act?’

- ‘Giving consent is not simply a matter of making a particular verbal utterance. It is rather something that emerges from what the parties do and say to each other.’ A statutory definition of consent could appeal to social convention, defining which ‘circumstances could not, in themselves, be taken as the giving of consent; or that other situations are indicators that no consent is given.’


On the last point, it seems to me that we're into potentially difficult territory, given that defining those circumstances could fall into the trap seen above in the 'definitional' approach - where you need a big long list of what does or doesn't amount to consent.

Finally:

In particular [defining consent] allows the law to adopt the position that if one person wants to have sex with another, and there is any doubt that the other person is consenting, then the obvious step to take is to ask.


I hope that’s a fairly useful summary: I’d recommend downloading the document yourself to take a look at the specific points on which they are inviting discussion.

EDIT - I've tidied the grammar a little and fixed the spelling. Hopefully my academic reputation is intact, or at least no more tattered than before.

EDIT AGAIN - Still more typos fixed (because 'commission' has two 'm's, apparently) and hopefully some of the legal discussion made clearer. Also syntax now good better. Mostly.

Finally, there's also a list up at Femivist of all of the posts on sexual violence from today so far, grouped roughly into themes.

Monday, April 17, 2006

further adventures of the invisible man

Another comment on the career 'choices' being made by women that completely ignores that social responsibilities that limit the range of any such choice - as per usual, men are AWOL:

Norman Wells, director of Family and Youth Concern, said women were earning more because of the choices they had made.

He added: "Research done by the London School of Economics has shown that one in five women is devoted to their career come what may and fit their children in, if they have any, around that.

"Then you have one in five who are committed to their family and children foremost, who will devote all their time and energy to that. In the middle you have the majority of women who adapt their work pattern to fit in with the needs of their family.

"Although there is still a clear gap between men and women, it is not because of overt discrimination, but simply down to the choices that women make. It's possible that more women are looking for higher-paid jobs."


The level of commitment that men might show to their families just isn't a topic of discussion. That a woman might prioritise her work 'come what may' (i.e. even if she fails in her duties to her children) however, is alarming. Once again, women adapt and make choices; men's right to work isn't a choice at all but a pregiven fact, so there's nothing to negotiate.

cookie for your thoughts

Bah. I think I'm the last person to get around to this but there's one recurring rhetorical pose in the Euston Manifesto that I want to look at: the constant repositioning of the Eustonauts as 'good left' rather than 'bad left'. Insert generic recognition of and agreement with criticisms of crazy people on the far left here - as I understand that if I don't do that particular dance, I'm some kind of hypocrite for daring to criticise Eustonia. Oh, and terrorism indeed bad.

Of particular interest is the handling of anti-Americanism. Those of the 'bad left' are struck down by literalism: their anti-Americanism means that they literally hate American people. The Eustonauts, speaking for the 'good left', recognise a difference between the American people and American foreign policy. Yet, while they recognise a difference, they don't actually intend to do anything with that information:

That US foreign policy has often opposed progressive movements and governments and supported repressive and authoritarian ones does not justify generalized prejudice against either the country or its people.


It might well justify specific prejudice against US foreign policy, though. However, rather than talking about ooh, US foreign policy regarding south America for example (because of a new found lust for 'historical truth' and disdain for those who have tried to 'obscure the historical record') this actually seems to be a way of completely avoiding any discussion of American foreign policy at all. Apparently, we're to recognise that US foreign policy has occasionally sided with dictators and torturers when convenient - but not mention it for fear of appearing impolite.

What makes this galling is though the Eustonauts strongly criticise generalized prejudice, they're apparently fine with generalized praise:

It is the home of a strong democracy with a noble tradition behind it and lasting constitutional and social achievements to its name. Its people have produced a vibrant culture that is the pleasure, the source-book and the envy of millions.


I'm unclear what such rampant leg-humping is supposed to achieve; to call it unbalanced doesn't even begin to address the sins of omission or the lack of praise for any other country on the face of the planet. It's quite bizarrely empty of any critical engagement - as if even raising the possibility of (justified or unjustified) criticism might amount to a betrayal.

Yes, America can indeed be very cool indeed - however, their lack of healthcare provision, a minimum wage of around $5 and an electoral system in need of chronic repair are problems that a large number of Americans recognise, never mind cruel, America-hating lefty-leftists. Anyone with a passing regard for 'the historical record' might also be able to jot down a list of countries where US foreign policy has left a large number of people 'entirely fucked,' to use Chatham House phraseology. Note how my capacity to recognise problems with domestic and foreign policy do not depend either on a) a special brand of lefty-leftism or b) the demonisation of the evil Amerikana. Just sayin'.

I also heartily object to a commitment to social and economic equality that refuses to talk about economic policy because there's disagreement on that subject - as if social policy can be discussed to any level of coherence without also talking about money. A commitment to equality without any discussion of the staggeringly different economic principles that might guarantee such a thing is a hollow gesture. To put it another way - every political party agrees that equality is a good thing: they just disagree over what 'equality' means, what role the state should play and how to pay for it. You know, small things like that which might differentiate one political belief from another.

Oh, and the recognition that there will be disagreement within 'the Left' and that 'the Left' might share values with 'the Right'? Well, fuck me and have a cookie for that spectacular 'fresh' 'realignment' of political thought.

Still, nice font.

surrogate manliness

Okay, here's final part of my mini-series on modern masculinity. Comments very much welcomed. Part one is here, and part two is here.

Though I've offered a picture of modern masculinity as a work of cultural artifice that we're making up as we go along, the consumer culture of masculinity only works because it is devotedly wedded to the idea of an essential manliness whose presence underwrites every re-arrangement of what passes for manliness - and in turn allows the machinery of masculinity through consumption to operate.

Before I disappear down the theory rabbit hole, let's try and keep it simple. The images of manliness being sold in our culture are surrogates. A fine shirt, a rippling set of abs and a fast car do not make the man but they do begin to let him dress and act like one. They allow him to be recognised as a man. Now, the nature of a surrogate is that it stands in for something - in this case, a kind of ur-masculinity. In consumer masculinity, that chain of surrogacy is unending.

You can't be the man in the advert with the perfect stomach and smile, but you can buy this article about stomach exercises and you can buy this dental bleach. It's a continuous parade of products and images that hold the promise of proximity to the zenith of masculine desirability.

In order for this kind of cultural machinery to work, it's vital for that proximity to be maintained: never widening the gap between the real world and the ideal, but never closing it. In practice, this means that any stable image of masculinity is rapidly replaced by a new set of standards, for which new routes to being a proper man can be invented and marketed. The entire machinery of cultural consumption is dependent on the perpetual discovery of new, unreachable hallmarks for masculinity or femininity.

The list making exercises of Mansfield and co actually supports this model of masculinity because it supports the idea that there is some essential manliness that can be reached, if only we were prepared to behave in a particular way. Our lack of manly virtue takes on the quality of denial - if only we'd give into a little office fist-fighting rather than allowing our menfolk to be emasculated by civil order.

That cult of victimhood - where men are being progressively destroyed by devious liberals and perfidious feminists - is as unhelpful as it is misleading. In a culture where straight men hold the vast majority of power and money, in a legal system that has never had to be ammended to recognise straight white men because it was written by them in the first instance - we really don't need to be talking about setting up groups to represent the interests of the poor, defenceless straight guy.

It's also a little strange that people who speak of the unrecognised virtues of straight men frequently decide that their common characteristic is helpless passivity in the face of change. If you're looking for a villain to blame for the economic and cultural plight of the average straight man, you might want to start looking for a group of slightly richer straight men.

(Entertainingly, few people who support that idea of an interest group working for the ordinary straight man seem to remember that we used to have really powerful ones: they were called trade unions and were very successful up until the moment that some other richer straight men decided they had better economic theories and really didn't need all those nationalised industries. But I digress... )

The solution to 'the problem with modern men' is to take a few pages from the feminist play-book and start openly using the kind of political strategies popularised by feminist critics - by looking at these lists of apparently 'manly' or otherwise gendered characteristics and exercising a little critical effort to find the grains of common experience in a mountain of posturing bull-shit. I'm talking about the necessity of realising a difference between common (and diverse) experiences and claims to essential qualities. Anger directed at some feminists for their willingness to deconstruct gendered identities is misplaced: instead, be pissed at the cultural authorities who tell you that masculine identities are so slender as to be threatened to the point of extinction by a woman in trousers.

We're only passive consumers if we want to be. Persistent flailing about men being under attack creates the image of culture passivity and uniformity where it doesn't exist. The good news - once you stop living in the shadow of a lost golden age of whatever - is the sheer volume of experience that passes for male life, that runs from the virile to the chaste, the muscular to the svelte, the aggressive to the pacifist and on and on and on. The definition of masculinity and manliness is permanently open to revision and reinvention: if we recognise that, rather than invest in images of manliness whose real function is to keep us coming back for more, then we can start to have a little fun.

Saturday, April 15, 2006

WoW

Pardon my geeking, but there's a follow up piece on the issue of GLBT guilds in War of Warcraft:

Observing the story gain traction, Blizzard offered an attempt at clarification on its message boards, defending its position as, in fact, orientation protective and noting that its policies had been tailored to uniformly prevent discrimination against players "based on a particular political, sexual, or religious preference." Andrews thinks this simply missed the point. "Trying to shut out the real world in an online game as big as WOW is impossible," she says.

"And besides, if Blizzard really wanted to censor these things, why is there a giant cathedral in Stormwind? Why do humans start in an abbey?


My favourite summary - which I keep repeating - was provided by Boing Boing:

World of Warcraft's moderators have been shutting down gay-friendly guilds in the game on the tortured grounds that letting people mention that they're gay will encourage jerks to say nasty things about gay people, and since saying homophobic things violates WoW's policies, ignorant jerks shouldn't be tempted into being homophobes.


It's pretty clear that for Blizzard both the homophobic abuse and the presence of humungous medieval churches were normative to the point of invisibility - that they didn't realise they weren't 'neutral' elements in WoW until someone pointed them out. Sure, you don't have to play implicit-Christian in Wow, just so long as you're not human. :)

taking domestic violence seriously

The Home Office has released figures showing that the total number of victims of domestic violence may be five times higher than previously recognised:

As few as 4% of men convicted of domestic violence are sent to prison while a clear majority escape with a fine, according to new Home Office figures published this week. [...]

The latest figures based on a small sample of cases in five specialist courts show that 29% of those convicted are sent on such programmes. Fifty-nine per cent are fined or ordered to pay compensation, 30% given a conditional discharge, 10% a community punishment order, and only 4% jailed.

A study of cases in a west London magistrates court showed a slightly different picture, with 43% of those convicted being fined, 12% given a conditional discharge, 32% on community rehabilitation orders, 6% on community punishment orders and 14% sent to jail. [...]

Home Office research shows that on average a woman endures 35 incidents of domestic abuse before making a complaint to the police.


Yet somehow, I read in comment threads and newspaper articles that misogyny doesn't really exist - or intriguingly, that it's 'counter-productive' to point it out where it does exist because it makes men feel uncomfortable and angry. Tough shit. Rather uncomfortable and angry than slapped and punched.

Maybe we need to clear about this: recognising misogyny isn't about claiming that all men hate all women (enter distorted reading of Germain Greer here) but that understanding that some men are persistently abusive to the person they are with for no other reason than that person is a woman. We can imagine narratives about petty and not so petty betrayals and insults in the home, but then we're fishing for excuses. Would we accept this behaviour anywhere else but behind closed doors?

I'm also reading that we should recognise that some women are also abusive towards their male partners and that this violence goes under-reported. This is true; domestic violence can affect anyone. However, the vast majority of victims of domestic violence - as with rape - are women and we should recognise that:

Violent domestic incidents can lead to death, with half of all female murder victims being killed by their partners or ex-partners.

Unlike other forms of violence, domestic violence is rarely a one-off incident. Those who suffered domestic violence told the BCS study that they faced an average of 20 incidents a year, 16 of them involving force being used. In a third of cases the violence started during pregnancy, and if the man had already been abusive, the pregnancy often escalated the violence involved.


To be blunt, few men are being beaten whilst pregnant - which might explain why we have a series of measures being proposed that will make a system that mainly delivers financial penalties even more lenient. But then, of couse, misogyny doesn't exist.

Friday, April 14, 2006

on my velvet steed

It's Good Friday, and science is 'satanic' for trying to help people. Because birth defects and cancer are kinda cool. No, wait. I'm confused again. Some science is good, but other science is bad and only the Pope gets to decide which is which. Okay?:

THE Pope will deliver a blistering attack on the “satanic” mores of modern society today, warning against an “inane apologia of evil” that is in danger of destroying humanity.

In a series of Good Friday meditations that he will lead in Rome, the Pope will say that society is in the grip of a kind of “anti-Genesis” described as “a diabolical pride aimed at eliminating the family”. He will pray for society to be cleansed of the “filth” that surrounds it and be restored to purity, freed from “decadent narcissism”.

Particular condemnation is reserved for scientific advances in the field of genetic manipulation. Warning against the move to “modify the very grammar of life as planned and willed by God”, the Pope will lead prayers against “insane, risky and dangerous” ventures in attempting “to take God’s place without being God”.


I do dearly love being lectured on 'decadent narcissim' by a man who lives in an art gallery, has a personal guard and more golden crucifix jewelery that the entire US west coast music scene could shake its bling at. Similarly ironic is an organisation that sees an 'inane apologia for evil' everywhere except at home - because cash settlements and public deniability for child abuse is God's work.

Talk of elimination of the family is also, of course, code for the deadly reign of "teh uber-queers" and their socially progressive minions, with steeds of velvet riding down from Mount WhoeverIDamnPlease to destroy the traditional family - who despite the strength of numbers, power and money are helpless to resist.

Excuse me while I saddle up.

ruth kelly: drugs are bad, m'kay?

An "interesting" line of argument emerges from Ruth Kelly - poor exam results are due to everyone being stoned all the time. The pupils, not the teachers, by the way:

Random drug testing in schools has cut the number of teenager users and should be considered by headteachers across the country, Ruth Kelly, the education secretary, said yesterday.

The Abbey school in Faversham, Kent, has been randomly testing pupils for illegal drugs since January 2005. [...]

"Drugs is ... an issue which is not going away in schools," she said. "I was looking at the evidence from the Abbey school the other day where they have tried random drug testing and found that a hugely effective way of creating peer pressure against taking drugs in school."


Peer pressure? Sounds more like zealous intimidation on the part of the school, actually:

Yesterday Peter Walker, the headteacher who introduced the scheme, said the government's support was "very important". More than 500 pupils had been tested and only one had proved positive. "The school has had the best 18 months in its history and its best exam results," he said. Tests had given pupils a reason not to take drugs.


Getting caught had given them a reason not to take drugs during term; curiously absent is any mention of what happens if you refuse to give up your blood and urine samples.

You'll forgive me for not wanting to rush straight into supporting randomised searches on people for no other reason that they happen to be under te age of 16, particularly when thre's more than a whiff of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc' about the logic in this story (see - Latin before 11am and without a single detectable banned substance).

It also stinks of this government's approach to liberty - we need to intrude on your lives to save you from terrorists, but mainly from yourself. Tell you what, Ruth - why not lead from the front and institute random drug and blood-alcohol checks on MPs whenever Parliament is in session?

Ruth?

Ruth?

Maybe she's out to an early lunch.

Thursday, April 13, 2006

the profit of bigotry

While racism on the terraces is being confronted by the FA, homophobia persists - a parasitic culture that feeds off the 'unmarked' status of gay men and women. It's not so much the assumption that everyone involved in football must be heterosexual, but that part of that identity is the hatred of "teh queer".

Oh, there's that and the fact that refusing to confront bigotry is apparently more profitable:

[T]he only openly gay man on the Football Association's Council says that the major hurdle for any player in coming out is concern over how that player's value might be damaged.

"The main difficulty at the moment is that players are assets," said Peter Clayton, who is the chief executive of the Middlesex FA and a long-serving FA councillor. "They have a market value, which clubs might feel could be affected. I think there's a concern too about the wider price, in terms of negative effects [on business]. This is my personal view, but there are clubs who think it's in their interests to counsel players not to come out."


The decision to come out or not should always remain with person whose life and identity are at stake; to be told that you'll be less valuable - maybe even functionally unemployable - if you do choose to is unconscionable coercion. How would we would feel if players were told it were 'more appropriate' if they concealed their Jewish heritage, for fear of offending certain fans?

fathers for justice: bigger than jesus

From the big book of how not to win public support and alienate the sympathetic, we have Real Fathers For Justice:

Fathers' rights campaigners climbed Westminster Abbey to stage a protest today. A spokesman for Real Fathers for Justice said two of its members had climbed 50ft to 60ft up the historic landmark in central London.

They were carrying a dummy on a cross to signify that fathers are being "crucified" by the state with unequal treatment in the courts, he added.

The spokesman said: "They had Roman soldier costumes, but the police have snatched them."


Picking Easter to claim that disenfranchised fathers are the equivalent of Jesus dying for the sins of the world on the cross is just a touch ill-advised, no?

Can someone remind me how any of these agit-prop 'symbolic' actions have lead to anything at all?

bakewell on abortion law in the uk: benign and thoughtful

You should go and read Joan Bakewell in the Daily Mail. From her conclusion:

The lad culture among boys in their late teens and early 20s, fostered by magazines such as Loaded, Maxim, Nuts and Zoo, promises them a world of slick and easy glamour and available, disposable women.

The magazines claim to be giving men the confidence and skills for life in a vigorously competitive metropolitan life. But they have little space for tenderness. And an unwanted pregnancy is as much the fault of men as women.

As a caring society, we want our young people to grow up secure and confident in themselves and their values.

As children pass through their teenage years, they look to sex education, their parents and the availability of contraceptive advice to help them make mature judgments.

If all three fail them and they then fall pregnant, the law allows them to seek and have an abortion. They are not forced to bear a child they did not intend and do not want. No children will be born into unloving homes and indifferent parents.

The abortion law in this country, with its clinical provision, is largely benign and thoughtful. What is brutal and exploitative is a culture of easy and cheap sex, callous regard for each other's feelings, and a glib assumption that, 'what the hell, when things go wrong, she can always get an abortion'.

It is this coarsening of how we treat each other that leads to misery and wretchedness.

Wednesday, April 12, 2006

science to the rescue, again

Via Boing Boing, a question that says more about the enquirer than anything else: do you have the definitive ass?

FEW women would claim to have the perfect bottom. But for those in need of reassurance that it is within reach, a scientist has come to the rescue by working out a mathematical formula they believe adds up to the perfect posterior.

The magical figures are (S+C) x (B+F)/T = V. Though the equation looks rather complicated, it is, according to the scientist, simple.

It assesses shape, bounce, firmness and symmetry – all factors that add up to the bottom line.


You can thank David Holmes, a psychology lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University, for presenting research into the self-image of women as cod science that will assist the policing of women's bodies.

on herceptin

The BBC's Panorama produced some very necessary background reporting on Herceptin (the cancer 'wonder-drug') back in February that's worth revisiting today:

Earlier this year, the clinical director of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Nice) joined the debate over statistics in an article for Lancet Oncology.

Re-analysing the data from the Hera trial, the article revealed that you would have to treat 18 patients to save one life.

It stated: "For every 100 suitable patients prescribed trastuzumab (Herceptin), 94 will have been exposed to the side effects without any benefit, at a cost of £400,000 per recurrence prevented."

Cost-effectiveness, of course, lies at the heart of the debate.

If the drug were proven to be highly cost-effective, there would be less concern about the issue of funding it.


While the outcome of today's court case - ruling that an NHS trust was wrong in denying Herceptin to a woman with early-stage breast cancer - is being framed as a focus on doctors being able to prescribe treatment that is 'right for the patient,' it doesn't necessarily follow that Herceptin is going to save a huge number of lives or be 'right' very often.

The central ethical dilemna, though, is for doctors who know that prescribing herceptin to one patient might mean that funds are not available for the treatment of their next patient. It's very well to say that doctors shouldn't have to make that kind of decision, but we have had progressive governments with a fetish for what they claim are market principles, as well as tightening controls on spending. Doctors are not stupid people - they're aware of the situation, not least of the uncomfortable ethics of offering treatment which they know their patients have limited chance of getting access to, or for which they must wait several months.

I'm also not sure that the relentlessness of the tabloid coverage won't put pressure on doctors and cancer care specialists to recommend treatment that isn't suitable, creating a situation where the promise of a 'cure' does more damage than good. I'm also looking at the coffee-enema alternative health frauds right about now. However, I'm not a specialist in the treatment and care of cancer patients, so I try not to act that way. It would be nice if the Daily Mail et al. could be relied upon to show the same restraint.

The media's handling of drug innovation always makes me uncomfortable - not only as the child of pharmacist parents who are rather more pragmatic, but because the promise of 'wonder drugs' in any form rarely matches the clinical experience. What's more likely is that medical professionals are going to be spending quite a long time explaining to scared and angry cancer patients why Herceptin isn't appropriate - regardless of cost.

mackinnon and ethical porn

There's a large interview with Catharine MacKinnon in the Guardian today, which covers quite a lot of ground. I do sort of wish that the interviewer wasn't playing on a kind of nervous deniability, a retreat from Mackinnon's supposedly threatening radicalism.

There is one point I would like to pick up on - that pornography (undifferentiated from erotic imagery) is seemingly beyond recuperation and that which we recognise as pornographic is always in some way damaging.

I think I agree that pornography is deeply worrying, not least because it homogenises desire and trains an erotic response to a narrow range of images. It can also act to normalise and reinforce similarly specific beliefs about (primarily women's) bodies - about availability and passivity. It can also amplify and normalise fetishes - where imagery becomes so pervasive that sadomasochistic activity becomes normative, so that 'no meaning yes' as part of specific sex play becomes a legitimate reading of everyday social and sexual interaction.

However, the suggestion of censorship raises my libertarian hackles, not least because the representation of sex and sexuality isn't going anywhere; while the 'you can recognise it when you see it' rule might apply to the pornographic, I'm not sure anyone can determine the universal line betweem 'art' which is good and 'porn' which is bad. Yet we also can't claim that our culture doesn't support some kinds of morally functional censorship - regarding the reproduction of images of paedophilia, incest, bestiality and necrophilia for example.

MacKinnon's point that most pornography is about gendered role-play is interesting - that it's to do with representing given, predetermined roles: roles which anyone can play, than about the specific bodies or identities. For me, this suggests we need to discover or invent a means of alternative expression of the erotic - which partly means re-writing the cultural codes that argue, for example, that a short skirt is a universal invitation to sexual attention.

I've talked with various friends about the idea of an 'ethical pornography,' where the performers are direct owner-managers of their own images, working independently through their own websites and controlling the material they wish to produce. I think I read somewhere that fleshbot, part of the gawker network, has a commitment to ethical porn.

So, in the interest of adding some detail to this debate, my question is this: can there be such a thing as ethical pornography?

Tuesday, April 11, 2006

for the sake of balance

To make up for the previous rather serious and stolid post, here's an ever popular picture of a *tiny* monkey:



In fact, whenever someone criticises liberal or feminist bloggers for a lack of balance (i.e. giving equal time to diametrically opposed bigots) - or, as today, when work has turned my brain to mash (mash, I tells ya) I will be getting out my monkey.

on the other national identity database

Awkward bloggers who keep pointing out the practical problems in a national identity database should take a break and instead point out the problems with the national identity database we've already got:

Leading computer scientists have called for an independent review of billion-pound plans for a computerised NHS system for booking appointments and centralising medical records.

A series of setbacks has hit the National Programme for IT since the Government admitted that the original £6.2 billion project could snowball to somewhere between £20 billion and £30 billion.

The scheme, which would centralise the records of 50 million patients and link more than 30,000 GPs in England to almost 300 hospitals by 2012, is the biggest civil information technology programme in the world.


It would be interesting to find out how much a cost prediction has to be wrong by before you are allowed to sue the person who calculated it for professional incompetence. Get the feeling that there might not be an upper limit?

The formal response from the Department of Health is rather defensive and more than a little diversionary:

We have never suggested that the cost of the programme would be limited to those contract costs alone. The central expenditure of £6.2 billion will be complemented, and was always intended to be complemented by local baseline IT spending - already around £1bn a year in the NHS as a whole and which will be available to support local implementation of the national programme.

Moreover, we have always made it clear that we anticipate spending up to 4% of the total NHS budget, in line with the recommendations of the Wanless Report. This is a total budget which is increasing year on year to over £90bn.


A total budget for what, please? Is this a nice way of saying that no-one has any idea of the real cost, or just that no-one wants to admit it?

Cost aside (a billion here, a billion there, eventually it'll add up to real money), this is only the most recent series of objections to the NHS system, the prime function of which is to securely supply patient information to whereever it is needed. Given that we're talking about secure, accurate and nationally accessible information the parallells to the national identity database are clear.

The cut-and-paste tendencies of some 'news' reporting has meant that puff pieces from happy managers have been followed days later in the very same newspaper by the experiences of medical professionals being forced to use the thing:

THE health of thousands of children in London has been put at risk by significant failures in the new £6 billion NHS computer system, The Times has learnt.

Since last April, faults in new software produced for GP surgeries has made it impossible to ensure that all babies have had health checks, vaccinations, visits from health visitors and assessments for special needs. [...]

Christine Sloczynska, consultant community paediatrician at Waltham Forest Primary Care Trust, says that the Child Health Interim Application (CHIA) system was imposed on trusts in the area and has destroyed 22 years of record-keeping. "Sooner or later a child is going to die or be damaged by a vaccine-preventable disease because we can't contact them," she said.


I've been slightly unfair there and compared two different parts of the National Programme for IT - however, that reveals part of the problem. For the system to work successfully requires the integration of the various systems used by different GP surgeries and health care trusts.

To add to our troubles, different companies have won the contracts for different 'regions' - so that Accenture, for example, holds contracts for two of the five. Rather entertainingly, Accenture made the mistake of signing a contract that agreed to payment only on the delivery of working IT systems: as a consequence, the firm 'told shareholders it has written off $450 million (£260m) because of "significant delays" in its part of the world's largest computer initiative.' Ouch.

I can't help but wonder what kind of contracts were signed in the other regions: BT won one for the London area worth £996 million; they also have the contracts for the National Application Service Provider (NASP) contract for 'Data Spine' and to set up and run the national NHS Care Records Service (NCRS), the national component of the NHS electronic record system.

Though the Guardian (rather charitably) sugests that the system is too complex to as yet be judged a success or failure, early signs are not good ones. The system is unpopular, with a poll of GPs reporting that:

58% of GPs think Choose and Book is unimportant and only 38% are confident they will be using it by the end of this year, when the government says it should be universally available. About 60% said it would make no significant difference to where they referred their patients and 9% said they will never use the system. Doctors were concerned about the confidentiality of the electronic system for storing patients' records. [..]

The survey found 71% of GPs and 46% of other doctors think this will be less secure, with 8% of GPs and 15% of other doctors regarding it as more secure.


Significantly, further knowledge about and actual experience of using the system seems to have reduced enthusiasm:

Medix poll two years ago found 56% of GPs and 75% of other doctors enthusiastic about Connecting for Health as a whole, including electronic transfer of prescriptions, X-rays and diagnostic scans. But now just 26% of GPs and 45% of other doctors remain enthusiastic.


NHS staff working on the project are also reported to be 'heavily demoralised,' there are also reports that staff are being told that they are not allowed to speak out on problems with the system as it rolls / staggers out.

One of the few useful things about this picture is that it sets the mould for how the government will handle the seemingly inevitable fudge-up of the ID database. For example, impressivelt meaningless numbers:

Last week [April 2006], Ian Watmore, head of the Prime Minister's Delivery Unit, cited the NHS programme as a success story in joining up public services with IT. The plan cites impressive numbers: 202,860 users registered on the health records spine, 625,427 prescriptions transmitted electronically, 17,771,776 clinical images stored electronically.

On their own, however, these figures are meaningless. Watmore (formerly chief executive of Accenture UK) does not say, for example, that the figure for electronic prescriptions represents just 0.2% of all prescriptions written in the NHS this year.


There's also the slightly less sophisticated level of spin (i.e. the hopeful lie), seen the week before a parliamentary select committee pointing out how the project had been badly handled from the outset:

The criticisms will contrast with a statement last month by the health minister, Liam Byrne, in which he praised the progress of the project.

He said: "Progress is within budget, ahead of schedule in some areas, and, in the context of a 10-year programme, broadly on track in others."


Anyone want to find the grain of truth in that one?

I also quite like the survey that shows 'overwhelming support' for the programme - read a little more closely and you realise it's support for the aims of Connecting for Health, rather than the current IT solutions being offered.

For the sake of clarity, I'm not arguing that a secure and accessible NHS system of patient records isn't desirable - but that in this and other projects we have a track record of designing systems that go over budget, don't work and are consequently untrusted and underused. We will, eventually and at vast expense, end up with a "working" NHS IT network.

However, let's not pretend we're at all good at this - either in the guise of government or the private companies we continue to give contracts to. The state of the National IT Programme for the NHS describes rather accurately what we're going to get from a national ID database: a semi well-intentioned, expensive fuck-up.

Monday, April 10, 2006

rape and "exceptional" circumstances

Another little piece of the low rape conviction-rate puzzle:

The number of rapists given a caution and freed instead of facing jail terms has more than doubled in the past decade, Home Office figures reveal.

In 2004, 40 offenders were cautioned for rape - compared with 19 in 1994.

The Home Office said cautions were used only in the most exceptional cases, but campaign group Rape Crisis said it was "shocked" by the statistics.


So, that's a doubling of 'exceptional cases.' I wonder at what level these cases stop being the exception and become part of the rule?

One of the explanations being offered is of cases where women choose not to go to court and the accused is instead given a caution. If the legal system were actually using that method to deliver a measure of justice, I'd expect to see a much higher level of cautions - particularly given that our conviction rate has plummeted.

doing the university admissions blame tango

The Scotland on Sunday falls over itself to be as (ahem) selective as possible:

EDINBURGH University has disgraced the name of Scottish education with its unjust discrimination against able pupils from independent schools. Today we report the case of Jennifer Skrastin, a pupil who attained four As and a B grade, only to be rejected by the law school at Edinburgh because of her private education.


Ah, no. That's what your article argues, on the basis of one paragraph from a letter explaining her rejection:

When she and her parents made inquiries, however, the response from Edinburgh University was far from reassuring. It emerged that despite being described by an admissions officer as "an undoubtedly strong candidate" whose application and references were "difficult to find fault" with, she was refused entry because she attended a school where many pupils go on to university.

Offers had been made to pupils who achieved the same AAAAB higher grades but attended schools with "significantly lower progression rates into higher education," a letter revealed.


That's possibly because virtually every other school had a lower progression rate than hers - at the very least, the majority of state schools, which is where the majority of students come from. Call me a fan of close reading, but it also doesn't state that she was rejected because she attended a high progression rate school.

Amongst the things ignored or given minimal attention in the Scotland on Sunday's position are that a) law is one of the most competitive courses on which to gain entry (2,000-ish applicants for 170 places) and b) it's still possible that there were better candidates on offer. That's right: a private education isn't a guarantee of anything.

Also curiously absent is the story of the thousands of able, working-class background students who do not get places at top-ranking universities: persecution of this kind only seems to happen to middle-income homes. Yet somehow, the stories of two students who didn't get their first choice of university (and managed to get places at other very good universities) is an outrage against education.

The other missing detail (and I'll bold this for the lazy journalists doing follow-up research) is that around 7% of the school age population in Scotland are privately educated; at the University of Edinburgh privately schooled pupils make up 35% of the student body, so that "institutional" bias can't be doing too much damage.

You might also want to take a look at the report produced by the Independent Schools Council last year which found no proof whatsoever of discrimination against privately educated students.

However all this dancing around shifting blame (disclaimer: I have worked for and studied at the University of Edinburgh) ignores the underlying problem. If you have a government saying that everyone is entitled to higher education - but no intention of funding enough places for the promised 50% of everyone to get into higher education - this problem is going to get worse.

Faced with numerous students of equal academic ability university admissions boards have to make specific decisions to select some and reject others, as they always have: the only real choice is between randomnly sticking a pin in a list and having a series of social priorities which you choose to enforce in that situation. Moving in the opposite direction is the dread phantom of 'choice' which sends the false message that you can go to any university to study whatever you want.

The government in Holyrood and Westminster both want universities to widen access without spending too much money: this situation is the direct result of that policy.

Sunday, April 09, 2006

fuck you, observer woman

Hey, look a list of "humorous" generalisations about men and women that are as patronising as they are inaccurate. Amongst the very stupid things is number 3 of the things 'no man wants to hear from a woman':

Obsessive accounts of your diet and exercise regime. Men like skinny women, true. But they dislike being exposed to the borderline eating disorders and pathological obsessiveness that produce them. And curvy and sane always beats mad and thin. Eventually.


Ah, eating disorders are entirely self-generated - their untold cost is actually how annoying they are to men. Nice work, Observer Woman, for making everyone's lives a little more filled with divisive crap.

the beautiful rich

Another article on cosmetic surgery that does its utmost to ignore that it costs money. In several thousand words, we get exactly two mentions - one that the treatements chosen by the journalist will cost £500 and a second stating:

And yet, and yet... of course, I worry. I'm human. Let's, for a moment, put aside the fact that I would need to find £2,000 a year in order to keep my face 'up-to-date'.


No, let's not forget: we can hardly put aside something that has barely been recognised in the first place.

The problem with cosmetic surgery isn't just about issues of personal appearance or the fear of appearing vain. It's about creating standards for beauty and desirability which only a very small number of women can even hope to reach because most can't afford it. It helps to occasionally remember that not everyone is in the broadsheets' version of the middle classes.

Saturday, April 08, 2006

paging dr freud

I can't handle news that is so thoroughly riddled with innuendo:

The UK Independence Party has called on Tories to defect by parking an armoured personnel carrier outside the Conservative Party's spring conference.

UKIP said the stunt showed it was "parking its tank" on Conservative leader David Cameron's "lawn".

Speaking from the vehicle's turret, UKIP Euro MP Nigel Farage demanded an apology from Mr Cameron.


Later that morning, UKIP members shouted to passing voters 'Have you seen the size of our [gun] shaft? Does anyone want to have a go on it?' etc. etc.

gender and gaming

There's a great post over at The Geeky Feminist about the presumptions of gender built into computer games - particularly in regard to the new (droolingly beautiful and it won't run on my machine dammit) Elder Scroll's game Oblivion:

I find it interesting that these men [who criticised her original comments] dismiss our concerns when they’re directly benefitting from the sexism we described. Specifically, the game’s base attributes give male characters a power design edge and the male-only illustrations make it easier for men to decide which race and class to play.

How would they react if the situation were reversed? If the subjects in the illustrations were all women, female was the gender to pick for powergaming, women were the default?


There was no such distribution of attributes on the basis of gender in that I can detect in Morrowind, the preceding game in the series; the (x-box) manual also showed a mix of male and female sample characters.

[EDIT - Kat at Geeky Feminist points out that there was such a distribution in Morrowind but that it was not made explicit, the result being you could play a female warrior character without realising you had been pre-emptively disadvantaged.]

One of the arguments presented against this kind of criticism is that Oblivion is a fantasy game and does not reflect the real world - hence, real world concerns are inappropriate. That argument might begin to hold water if the fantasy world did not, as if by magic, reflect real world stereotypical expectations of sex and gender.

The argument is also the same one used to criticise the gamers who objected to the ban on mentioning sexuality in World of Warcraft. From Boing Boing's coverage at the time:

World of Warcraft's moderators have been shutting down gay-friendly guilds in the game on the tortured grounds that letting people mention that they're gay will encourage jerks to say nasty things about gay people, and since saying homophobic things violates WoW's policies, ignorant jerks shouldn't be tempted into being homophobes.


The problem in both situations is the same - the refusal to recognise that a choice has been made to assume a particular sex or sexuality as either default or universal: anyone not playing as a straight man had better find another playground.

The most stupid thing is that this kind of 'unmarked' selection has no appreciable impact on game play: games are not more fun to play because they're entirely populated by men and would not be less fun to play if a city guard was a woman or a refugee was a man. Yet somehow pointing out that implicit and explicit biases exist on the presentation of gender means that the world is about to end.

(EDIT - oh, and excellent discussion with an equaliser mod over at Guilded Lilies.)

amazing discovery: housework involves physical labour

Lazy blogging engaged:

For those who wouldn't be seen dead toiling away in a gym, it could be the dream fitness plan.

Scientists claim to have found a way of shedding the pounds which has nothing to do with running machines or weights.

Instead, walking the dog, mowing the lawn or even fidgeting could be just as effective, they say. Research suggests that the lifestyle which kept housewives trim in the 1950s - involving regular housework and chores - is better for burning calories than a gruelling workout.

"Go back to some of the old ways of doing things," says the author of the research, Professor Harvey Simon. "Treat exercise as an opportunity instead of a punishment."


Isn't it amazing what scientists can 'discover'? That house-work is physical labour and thus 'exercise.'

Though the research actually focusses on the benefit of regular moderate physical activity, the Daily Mail sales pitch seems to be 'you women wouldn't be so fat if you weren't so lazy:'

Experts blame the popularity of labour-saving devices, such as dishwashers, for rising levels of obesity as convenience has replaced hard graft when it comes to housework.


Uhm, no. Really, no. 'Experts' do not make such facile and misleading statements: that's the role of the Daily Mail.

Friday, April 07, 2006

ubersexuals and heteropolitans, oh my: still more on "modern" men

Adding to the pile of masculinity posts, here's an article in The Times on metrosexuality - which is out - and ubersexual and heteropolitan - which are in. Just so you know.

For anyone struggling to keep up, ubersexual is a term invented by the woman who helped popularise the word metrosexual to sell another book about how her first book about metrosexuality was horribly dated. The ubersexual:

has the traditional male qualities of strength, honour and character, plus a willingness to communicate and co-operate.

He loves his family and has close male friends, to whom he can show affection. He has one or two serious hobbies. He even likes a bit of shopping.


Please note that this is supposed to be a radical departure from what came before (the man who was in touch with his 'feminine' side); those who fear the death of traditional manliness might want to take notes.

Similarly, heteropolitan is a term:

invented this year by Men’s Health magazine to describe men who enjoy the pub and the grooming parlour but are “surprisingly committed to relationships and family life”.


Invented by a magazine, you say. Hmm. Is anyone else having trouble telling apart these terms? 'Ubersexuals' have friends and can show affection to their family, while 'heteropolitans' also.. uh.. have friends and can show affection to their family. I'm not entirely convinced that these are earth-shattering trends.

We're back to an arbitrary shopping list of qualities, reshuffled every couple of years to re-emphasise the shopping part. The important thing to note about the Times article is that it's entirely blind to class and economics - for one, it doesn't realise the age difference in the readership of Nuts, Loaded and GQ respectively - or that those groups might actually treat things like relationships, money and their bodies quite differently.

You only have to look at the kind of language used on the front cover of each of those imprints to realise they have entirely different target markets for which different, minimally overlapping versions of masculinity are invented.

The result is that in 14 months time we can all pretend to be suprised at how that trend didn't reflect reality and come up with a new word - and hopefully sell some advertising space along the way.

what you don't know will probably hurt you

I'm goingto be busy nearly all day, so I only have one request: can someone stop the Daily Mail from reporting the same ridiculous idiocies over and over again?

Girls as young as 12 are to be given the morning-after pill over the counter in chemists' shops across the country without the knowledge of their parents.

Under new rules, primary care trusts are free to provide the drugs if they identify a problem with underage pregnancies in their area. Previously, the free service was only available in a limited number of urban locations.

Critics have warned that providing easy access to emergency contraception would encourage more youngsters to have sex.


Have warned? They can see into the future, have seen what will come to pass and have travelled back to help us?

It's such a shame that few of these learned critics ever seem to have names or a rational explanation for their 'not telling people about self-defence will protect them from getting punched' logic.

More access to the morning after pill means fewer young women having children when they really didn't want or intend to have them, which is good thing. It's only one part of good sexual health care in this country, but it's an important part.

Thursday, April 06, 2006

harvard professor talks cock: feminists to blame, apparently

Here's the highlights of a Harvard professor explaining how feminism has destroyed manliness - and that real men are on the edge of extinction. First of all, we should be fortunate that he finally answers the question of what all women, everywhere, want:

Women 50 years ago wanted their men to be fearless, chivalrous, honourable and self-confident.

They wanted men who showed a stiff upper lip. Their heroes were ultra-manly Hollywood stars such as Humphrey Bogart and John Wayne. They admired thrill-seeking writers such as Ernest Hemingway.


Real examples of manliness can be found in actors known for presenting fictions and writers known for.. well.. writing them. Uh.. okay. We should also probably not think at this moment that maybe women's demands have changed, or were never universally common. Still:

Their men didn't think they were at death's door every time they got a cold. They didn't check in the mirror for the first grey hair and they certainly didn't read style magazines.

Cashmere, silk boxer shorts and anything at all from Italy were a "no no". (Who'd want to buy clothes from such a soppy country?) In short, women wanted manly men, not wimps.


Does anyone want to let Italy know that all of its men have been exempted from manliness? Such benevolent racism, and something most of the media seems to have ignored.

I can date the demise of manliness to the beginning of the rise of feminism in the Sixties. As women fought for equality in the workplace, they also battled to prove they were equal in every sense.

Forty years later, for the first time in history, we have a gender neutral society. Your sex — male or female — is irrelevant and doesn't give you rights or duties or tell you your place in society. It has heralded a cataclysmic change.

Women want to behave like men, and men don't know how to behave any more.


Men, who still hold the majority of the money and power on this planet, were completely helpless when women started working. Even though they represent the majority of political and culture authorities, they caved almost instantly when presented with a female equivalent of themselves.

I'm also not sure which gender neutral society he lives in: know any men who are capable of giving birth? How's that equal division of domestic labour coming along?

If you havn't worked it out yet, Mansfield's 'death of manliness' depends on you believing in a bunch of selective, essentialist crap. Watch how Mansfield dithers between manly aspects which are biological and which are personality traits, between difference which is innate and difference which is not exclusive:

I'm not, of course, claiming that manliness is exclusively male. I'd suggest that Margaret Thatcher showed manliness in abundance.


This is a smallish (i.e. largeish) problem for his argument - up until now, he's been pointing out that women's aping of manly behaviour (working, voting, having a peni.. well, working) has imperilled man's exclusive claim to manliness. Now it seems that women have always been able to be manly, not just because they are cataclysmic feminists. Still, on with dithering:

But, for the most part, men will always have more manliness than women. Whether we like it or not, there is an innate difference between the sexes.

Some manly qualities are pretty standard. For example, men are inclined to be more confident in risky situations than women. They are more aggressive. They are less likely to cry. They are more forthright in their views.


For anyone unwaware of the biology of this, the penis - on its route out of the body - cuts off the tear ducts.

Greater manliness is shown by those men who are able to achieve wonders simply through the power of their personalities. Honourable and chivalrous, they protect the weak and they risk their lives for a cause. They have the self-confidence and courage to challenge conventions.


It seems that having the self-confidence and courage to challenge the convention of bullshit manliness, ironically, endows me with the qualities of manliness. Or maybe he's talking about himself, challenging the perfidious fembots who are running our culture (despite not actually being in charge).

It seems that the best thing about being a Harvard professor is the use of a time machine which allows you to determine the qualities of a given thing - throughout all time and cultures - so that you can deliver summary judgement.

Sadly, because manliness is no longer respected, it's becoming perverted. Instead of channelling their energy into serious causes, men tend to disappear for bonding weekends, get involved in dangerous sports or, at worst, take out their aggression in fights.


Please do not remember that Harvard was exclusively men only within living history, as with many other clubs and institutes within the last thirty years. Or that our political parties and churches are overwhelmingly staffed with serious men doing serious work.

But wait, there's more news for the ladies. Not content to destroy manly society, you've begun to... destroy yourselves! (music plays indicating shock and irony):

It's also bad for women, because as we downgrade manliness, we also downgrade femininity. I would never suggest we turn back the clock and deny women the chance to work outside the home. But I think it's sad that we are trying to deny natural feminine qualities.


Some working women now have to take special drugs to supress the 'natural feminine quality' which urges them to quit and run home. I think we can all thank science for that.

I am, however, slightly concerned at what now passes for rhetorical debate at Harvard:

I know my views will upset feminists. There were fireworks when I appeared on TV to talk about my book with feminist Naomi Wolf. Naomi was determined to disprove my views that women are naturally modest and non-aggressive by showing she was the exact opposite.

I wasn't surprised that she got so angry. But her behaviour helped prove my point that men and women are different. A man would be more likely to use rational argument than create a scene as she did.


She disagreed with me and showed that I was wrong, therefore I am right. Nice. It's an interesting theoretical model: Harvey Mansfield, a 73 year old male Harvard professor does not share the same views as Naomi Wolf, a 50 something feminist author, therefore an essential difference of modesty and aggression exists between all men and women.

Of course, time travel and magic logic is only one of the powers accorded to Harvard staf - there's also the telepathy:

They may not always admit it to themselves, but I think most women admire manliness. They find stars such as George Clooney or Clint Eastwood attractive. They know instinctively that these men are manly in a way that pretty boys such as Jude Law or Leonardo DiCaprio are not.


Again, with the actors and fictional protrayals of men.

The simple truth is that manliness and femininity balance each other. We need a change in our thinking so that both men and women can lead fulfilled lives.

Women are better listeners — and that's why I'm appealing to them to save manliness. Before it's too late.


Before it's too late! Before.. well, we're not quite sure what will happen but it'll be pretty darn scarey, okay, 'cause we're playing with some kind of cosmic balance between two sets of abitrarily chosen qualities.

I think that's enough ridiculousness. Mansfield has a superbly ahistorical understanding of masculinity and manliness. Has the cultural standard for masculinity in the West changed in the last fifty years? Yes, and it was changing before that and will continue to change in the future. Is masculinity or manliness the same thing in all classes and all cultures? No, very certainly not.

Mansfield has written a book which bemoans the lost of a golden age of masculinity that didn't exist in the first place. The sad thing is that many of the virtues Mansfield describes are attractive and desirable - it's such a shame that he demands they come with a pair of balls attached.

Wednesday, April 05, 2006

fun with masculinity

In preparation / dread for the third part of my mini-series on masculinity (and how to avoid doing any thesis editing), you should read this piece over at Feministe on an interview with the woman who went undercover as a man for a year.

From the end, though you should read the whole thing:

My point, though, is that hyper-masculine performance isn’t the universal way to get chicks (indeed, behaving any particular way with the purpose of “getting chicks” probably isn’t the best way to get chicks). My secondary point is that gender essentialism and expectations of performed masculinity and femininity are harmful to men and women alike. Additionally, people have varying preferences, and the idea that exaggerated gendered behavior is always more attractive to the opposite sex is quite plainly untrue.

If it were, more straight women would be swooning over Jean Claude Van Damme than, say, Hugh Grant. And given that I’m not exactly the poster girl for femininity (was it the fart jokes, or the discussion of exploding diarrhea?), I would be looking at quite a lonely life if this was a world where we were only attracted to manly man and womanly women.


All of which points to how the sales-pitch in our magazines and other media are so desperately narrow and so horribly misleading: our unhappiness at our difference to unreachable fantasies of 'real' manliness or womanliness is used to sell to us.

UKIP / fruitcake-gate day 2

Day two of the UKIP pr meltdown (or fruitcake-gate, as I like to call it) sees the threat of legal action - because an embittered case through the courts where evidence of potential racism is publicly laundered is exactly the right thing to build status in the eyes of the average voter.

Amongst the things that might, just might, have informed Cameron's opinion is the detail that the founder of UKIP, Alan Sked, has long been on record as saying that:

"they are racist and have been infected by the far-right." He also went on record saying, "UKIP is even less liberal than the BNP. Certainly, there is a symbiosis between elements of the parties."


This, in turn, relates to the relationship between certain far-right values and certain UKIP candidates and party members:

Alistair McConnachie, a five-times UKIP candidate and National Executive member, was expelled from UKIP for being a Holocaust denier. [...] The BNP has infiltrated UKIP in the past, notably in the cases of Mark Deavin, a UKIP national executive committee member who was exposed as a BNP agent in 1997 and John Brayshaw in 2004.


Embittered ex-founders aside (and while UKIP should perhaps be admired for their efforts to police the presence of extreme elements within their party) they do seem to keep attracting people who later turn out to be a tiny bit regrettable - as in the case of Robert '[Iraqis are] not worth the life of one British soldier, not one' Kilroy-Smith and ex-London Mayor candidate Frank 'Too many gays' Maloney.

I'm not quite sure what public reputation UKIP thinks it has in that it can possibly lose.

Tuesday, April 04, 2006

body of man

This is the second part of a series speculating on modern masculinity - go here for the first part.

In the summer of 2005, Condé Nast announced the latest of the Vogue imprints: Men's Vogue. Eschewing the complications of gay-chic and metrosexual confusion, editor-in-chief Anna Wintour identified her target demographic as male, wealthy and succesful - a man who:

is already living the life he wants rather than merely chasing it, and presumably isn't too embarrassed to be seen reading a magazine that for more than a century has been associated with women.


The pitch to the man who already has it all is deceptive - it's actually a pitch to the man who either wants to have it all and needs to find out what he's missing - or, crucially, a pitch to the man who as everything except one last talisman of masculine success and security: Vogue for Men.

The high-end sales-pitch in Vogue - for 'must-have consumer items as Hinckley yachts, rare Scotch whiskies and Kiton suits' - has its parallel in all male-oriented magazines. GQ, FHM, Maxim and their contemporaries are filled with adverts, advertorials and indirect product-placements, describing a kind of status play where acquiring cars, watches, computers, gym and electrical equipment acts as proof not only of prosperity but masculine success.

Various parallel narratives run alongside the pages of recommendations - features on niche or extreme sports which require, in turn, specialist equipment. Even something as simple as jogging acquires an armoury of accessories to ensure the experience is somehow 'maximised.'

This practice isn't unique to male-oriented media - the presence of advertorial content in women's magazines is well recognised. However, while shopping and self-adornment have traditionally been presented as female pursuits (however inaccurate that might be) it's only recently that such interests have been introduced as legitimate male interests.

The most recent stage in this pattern of masculinity through consumption has targeted the body. Fitness and body-building magazines are no longer merely targeted to a specialist niche; instead, the promise of a flat stomach, a banished beer belly and scuplted pecs is offered to everyone. With the right protein shake and 'only twenty minutes' exercise each day, that body can be yours - a message sold through the presentation of bodies which are far beyond the reach of any 'average' life or genetic heritage.

Yet rather than present achievable forms, we see the bizarre stage management of that unacceptable perfection. From 'You're So Vain,' published in the Observer Woman magazine:

Stephen Bracken, whose stomach looks a little less hammered and chiselled now that it's not under angled light, tells me what he eats. It's important, he says, to keep his body fat to a minimum. [...] In some of the pictures, the stomach is at an angle, making Bracken's body look ultra-slim.

'I want to make sure he doesn't look too slim,' says Rees.

We look at the stomach. Does it look too slim? 'I want his image to look achievable,' says Rees. 'Sideways on, you can see all of his abs.'

We look at the stomach. Again, I think: what does this guy eat? Rees says, 'It looks a little bit daunting.'

I nod, relieved. Perhaps there is hope.

'We can shoot him front on,' says Rees.


To have rock-hard, defined abdominals means a superbly low level of overall body fat - to admit as much would ruin the illusion that 'abs' can be figuratively bought off the shelf like running shoes, with a minimum of dedication. The ideology of the consumer says that if a body-image is for sale, anyone should be able to buy it if they can afford it - and they should want to even if they can't raise the money.

Concurrently, the rise in the number of cosmetic surgery procedures is due in no small part to the participation of men as eager consumers of nose-jobs, liposuction and botox. A traditional rhetoric of manly actions (speaking louder than words) is in fierce competition with an aesthetic of self-sculpture:

British plastic surgeons have revealed that the number of men undergoing facelifts and other purely aesthetic operations has more than doubled in the past year alone. [...]

The most popular procedures for men were nose jobs, accounting for 30% of the total, while more than a fifth had surgery to remove bags from around their eyes. Full face and neck lifts accounted for 5% of the male operations while 9% had liposuction.

Ken Stewart, a plastic surgeon at St John's Hospital, Livingston, and a member of BAAPs, said: "There has definitely been an increase in the number of men having cosmetic operations. One thing that seems to have been extremely popular is to remove fat from the breast tissue on the male chest.

"Cosmetic surgery is now far more acceptable than it was before and the pressure people feel to have surgery has increased dramatically. A lot of middle-aged men are now seeing it as an option to stay ahead."


While there is a degree of historical continuity to this trend of formatting the male body - of a recurring interest in the mesomorph somatype (muscular, broad, tall), of cod-pieces, neck ties and ruffs - a change in both the kind of technology we have at hand and the mass-media circulation of specific body images means that obsession has acquired greater and more specifically surgical dimensions. It seems that it's no longer enough to dress well if you don't have the body to match.

Studies of childhood body images regularly show an increase in anxiety over appearance at a younger age - markedly so in young men and boys (though I would point out that reports of such increases frequently present similar female anxiety as entirely normal or to be expected):

The obsession with body image has spread from girls to boys, according to research published today which says that eight in 10 teenage males are unhappy with their appearance.

A survey of 2,000 teenage boys, whose average age was 15, found that they are as self-conscious about their bodies as girls, with 62 per cent not liking their faces and 68 per cent not liking their teeth.

A quarter thought they may have cosmetic surgery and only four in 10 thought their fathers looked good for their age.


I should perhaps point out that I'm not arguing that men have become brain-washed fools, that the images in magazines, television elsewhere in our culture are accepted uncritically - or are presented without competition. However, the cultural imagery of masculinity through consumption is both widespread and pervasive: we should not treat is as neutral material because it certainly does not treat us so respectfully.

Okay, that's more than enough. The final part is the good news for men and 'masculinity' - courtesy of feminism and common sense. Feel free to add comments as usual to this work in progress; I'll be re-checking later for errors of spelling and grammar.

UKIP still not very bright: fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists edition

Possible proof of a benevolent - or at least entertaining - God emerges:

The UK Independence Party is calling for David Cameron to apologise after he claimed its members were "fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists, mostly". The Conservative leader made the remarks during a phone-in on the London radio station LBC.

He said he believed UKIP was "racist" because of some of the things he had heard its members say. But UKIP Euro MP Nigel Farage said that unless he could prove his claims, Mr Cameron should apologise.


Finally, that 'are you thinking what we're thinking?' slogan begins to kick in. But, seriously, did UKIP just ask for proof for the claim that its members were mostly fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists? We've been invited to take a swing at their reputation? Oh, my.

By dipping only briefly into my 'most adequte hits' I can give you two reasons why many people may be nodding their heads in agreement with Cameron for the first time. On the loony front, there's MEP Godfrey Bloom's flesh-tinted glasses view of prostitution that 'most girls do it because they want to.'

For evidence of fruit-cakery, we only have to look back to two weeks ago - when UKIP's devolution policy briefly considered:

1. Shutting the Scottish Parliament and demolishing the Parliament building.
2. Starting up a new Scottish Parliament who... uhm.. might need some kind of building.


You may recognise a certain underpant-gnomish quality to this kind of strategic planning. Fianlly, despite polling in the low nothings, UKIP put candidates in 467 seats in the last general election - by the last count, they'd failed to get enough votes to keep their deposits in 451 of them. It's probably a little early in the day to be accusing someone else of 'political naivety.'

The closet racist thing is a little difficult, not least because once you prove someone is racist they're no longer closeted per se (a sort of Schroedinger's Racist Cat). Cameron may even end up apologising for that part, or merely offering the non-apology that his 'belief' may be mistaken. If he's feeling adventurous, he may even pointedly apologise for calling them racists, but stand by his original assessment of their cake-like qualities.

Still, this is a gold-medal piece of bad PR. While proof of out and out racism may not exist, asking for evidence of idiocy is asking for a (non-racially specific) black eye.

FYI, my PR consultancy rates are really very reasonable.

also available for private functions

I think the uber post on masculinity and consumerism will arrive tomorrow: I also think there will be one final third part to this mini-series where I attempt to fix all of the woes of modern men.

No, really. :)

Monday, April 03, 2006

bottom implants: post may contain traces of sarcasm

For your second dose of 'That's Fucked Up Monday':

It's the question all men dread to hear. As they try on a new outfit, their loved one turns and traps them with the line: "Does my bum look big in this?"

Now help could finally be at hand for confused males searching for the right answer. Dr Constantino Mendieta, a plastic surgeon and "bottom augmentation expert" from Miami, has devised a guide to the female posterior, detailing four distinctly different derrieres.

They include the V-shape - narrow at the bottom and wider towards the hips; the Square - smaller hips and flatter buttocks; the Round - the most voluptuous and largest bottom, and the A-shape - a pert bottom which is wider at the bottom than the top.


I'm glad he's an expert. I'd really hate it if it was an ordinary creepy old fucker just making shit up to make women feel uncomfortable - but an expert? A phd in buttockology? Thank heavens.

But wait - it wouldn't be a Daily Mail story on standards of beauty without that double-turn of the screws:

But men should still beware - because some bottom shapes are apparently more desirable than others. Just as A-list is the ultimate in celebrity, the most sought-after derriere is the A-shape, as displayed by actresses Jennifer Lopez and Kelly Brook.


Unless you've checked Arsedaq to find out if you're attractive at any given moment, I wouldn't even leave the house.

Please also note that this new surgery targeted at women is being presented here as a solution for men - so don't undertake any procedures without checking with your local patriarch.

respect, economics and slave-brides (caitlin moran couldn't be more wrong edition)

It's the post where we see how Caitlin Moran misses the point and reveals the weakness in her own argument:

As a child of capitalism, the first thing market forces have taught me is that, if a commodity should suddenly come into limited supply, its value will rise. Observe the Birkin handbag: so few are made that the waiting list is two years long, and people will pay up to $80,000 (£46,000) for a special edition.
Consider, now, if there were a two-year waiting list for Indian women. Those 1000 men would soon be duking it out for those 793 ladies. Indeed, it may well be that, in order to get married, dowries would have to be paid to the bride's family, just to interest her in a man.

On finally getting his $80,000 woman, the man would then be doing the marital equivalent of polishing his wife every night with protective dubbin, and putting her on a special peg in the hallway. He wouldn't use her to carry a wardrobe up a hill any more. [...]

Sex selection, then, is the unexpected cure for a misogynistic society. The only surefire way to stop men being sexist pigs is to limit severely the supply of women. Then, biology will take over with an admirable briskness and effectiveness, and do in three weeks what a decade-long government educational programme would struggle to do — make society treat women with a little bit of respect, courtesy and equality.


Uh, really no. The fact that Moran's own rhetoric has women reduced to prized possessions tells you what the problem is now - and would likely continue to be. While the 'exchange value' of women might rise, there's no reason why that shoud encourage 'respect, courtesy and equality.' Reducing the supply of female mannikins does not make them more autonomous if you continue to treat them as female mannikins.

Without changing the underlying cultural belief that boy babies are in some way better than girl babies, you end up with women as valuable baby-making objects that are tolerated only because there's a chance they will produce male offspring - women who are 'protected' and 'encouraged' to have children more fiercely that ever before because they are expensive to replace and not because they have equal human value.

None of this is baseless speculation; it's happening right now:

Tripla's parents sold her for £170 to a man who had come looking for a wife. He took her away with him, hundreds of miles across India, to the villages outside Delhi. It was the last time she would see her home. For six months, she lived with him in the village, although there was never any formal marriage. Then, two weeks ago, her husband, Ajmer Singh, ordered her to sleep with his brother, who could not find a wife. When Tripla refused, he took her into the fields and beheaded her with a sickle.


A shortage of women has not produced a new found respect - instead, it's produced a rise in 'slave brides' and human trafficking. Notice how Moran goes from being a little bit wrong to actually advocating something that would likely make the situation worse?

It doesn't matter how rare a commodity is if you still think that commodity is a tradeable asset rather than a human being.

(donald) trump o' the north

A quick guide to environmentalism from Donald Trump:


MULTI-BILLIONAIRE tycoon Donald Trump was last night heading for a showdown with environmental campaigners over £300 million plans for a world-class golf resort near Aberdeen.

The businessman, whose mother was born on Lewis, warned his championship course, five-star hotel, golf academy and 500 holiday homes would be scrapped unless proposals for a nearby offshore wind farm were abandoned. [...]

Mr Trump added: "When I saw this piece of land I was overwhelmed by the imposing dunes and rugged Aberdeenshire coastline. I knew that this was the perfect site for Trump International. I have never seen such an unspoilt and dramatic seaside landscape, and the location makes it perfect for our development."


In fact, it was so unbearably unspoilt and rugged that Trump immediately saw the need for a five-star hotel, golf academy and 500 holiday homes etc. etc. Presumably those environmentalists who oppose wind farms might also have a word or two to say about Trump O' The North.

Sunday, April 02, 2006

Catholicism to the rescue of.. catholicism

Catholicism to the rescue of.. catholicism:

A Catholic bishop working to combat Aids in Papua New Guinea has questioned the Vatican's ban on condoms. Bishop Gilles Cote, a French Canadian, said he was in favour of governments providing condoms to communities where extramarital sex and multiple partners were common.

The Catholic church has repeatedly declined to endorse the use of condoms to fight Aids. The bishop said he was not in conflict with the church as papal teaching also includes the law: "You should not kill." The UN estimates 1.7% of the island's population - 47,000 people - are infected with HIV or have Aids.


(AP article via The Guardian)

uk life league hypocritical moral cowards: who knew?

It's impossible to accept a strict moral line on abortion when its proponents are so entirely amoral themselves - people who disavow any of the consequences of their actions and that the ends justify the means:

"Naming and shaming is fine by me," Mr Dowson, the leader of the pro-life UK Life League, says with a somewhat self-satisfied smile.

"Paedophiles are outed, why shouldn't those involved in abortion be, too? After all, they are murderers. A child may survive a paedophile. No child survives an abortion clinic."

(So murderers and paedophiles are different, therefore logically they are the same? Uhm, what? BTW, abortion very, very legal in the UK.)

His stance, he says, is unequivocal: "I don't suggest - or ever condone - violence. I advocate nothing that is out with the law. I most certainly do not urge people to send abusive letters or emails to these people."

(He just publishes their contact details and accuses them of being murderers which doesn't encourage anything - or he stands outside abortion clinics shouting at women.. but other than that..)

And yet he sees no moral dichotomy when, asked if he would feel responsible if one of those "named and shamed" were attacked, he says: "I have no responsibility for what happens to these people whatsoever. [...]

The events of the past week, in which Mr Dowson and his UK Life League have been criticised in the media, have buoyed his belief that the end justifies the means. "We have got column inches, our enemies are running scared," he says.


A publicity-hungry troll of a man who enjoys making the lives of others miserable - accusing people of betraying the unborn child and not taking responsibility while refusing to even approach the same kind of standards for moral care himself. What a horrible person.

Saturday, April 01, 2006

more media math: 0.5% increase equals a flood

I'm working on part two of the post I promised (threatened?) yesterday - in the meantime, read this entirely unrelated story over at Ben Goldacre's blog:

Nothing comes for free: if you can cope with 400 words on statistics, we can trash a front page news story together. “Cocaine floods the playground,” roared the front page of the Times last Friday. “Use of the addictive drug by children doubles in a year.”

Doubles? Now that was odd, because the press release for this government survey said it found “almost no change in patterns of drug use, drinking or smoking since 2000″. But the Telegraph ran with the story as well. So did the Mirror. Perhaps they had found the news themselves, buried in the report.


A very similar excitable use of numbers (which involves less knowledge of statistics to debunk) was found in the Daily Mail in January when they declared "Doctors 'help' 2 in 3 to die."